318 Nules of the Month on [Sept.' 



the number shews by an obvious comparison, the spii-it of the people. — 

 " The kingdom of Poland comprises eight palatinates ; and contained in 

 1830, 4,088,000 souls. In 1815, there were in Poland but 100 looms 

 at work ; in 1830, there were 6,000, producing annually 7,000,000 yards 

 of cloth of all qualities. The elementary schools are not at all sufficient 

 for the wants of the population ; whilst, nevertheless, one child in 100 

 is taught to read and write — the proportion in Russia being one in 367- 

 There is but one university at Warsaw, which has upwards of 800 stu- 

 dents. The kingdom of Poland, in 1830, had 37 journals, while Rus* 

 sian Poland, with 8,000,000 of inhabitants, has only 2." 



Compare the Continental system with the American, in those matters. 

 — " There are now published in the United States, 304 newspapers, of 

 which 158 are in the interest of the republican, and 157 in the federalist 

 party ; the others are neutral. Eight are printed in German, five in 

 French, two in Spanish, and the others in English. Nine of these 

 journals were established prior to the American revolution. Their 

 aggregate annual sale is estimated at 25.200,000." 



Or to return to Russia : — " There are published in Russia 73 jour- 

 nals, of which the most extensively circulated are the Bee of the North, 

 the Patriot, and the Invalid. These journals are written in 12 dialects. 

 The number of elementary schools is 1,411, attended by about 70,000 

 pupils ; so that, compared with the number of children of an age fit to 

 receive instruction in Russia, there is but one in 367 receiving even 

 superficial instruction. There are seven universities, where 3,100 pupils 

 are educated, under the superintendance of 300 professors. The semi- 

 naries are the most frequented of the establishments for education in 

 Russia; the four academies of theology at Kiew, St. Petersburgh, Mos- 

 cow, and Korsan ; the 37 seminaries of the first class, and the 18 of the 

 second, belonging to the Greek Church, contain 26,000 pupils, under 

 the superintendance of 427 professors. The Roman Catholic Church 

 possesses 14 seminaries ; one of the first class, Avhere are educated 250 

 young men for the priesthood." — We are to remember that this literary 

 provision is for the wants of a teri'itory nearly equal to a third of the 

 Old World. 



France is daily throwing up new literary products of this kind, which 

 some term volcanoes, and which are certainly inflammable enough. But 

 one, at least, will set no one on fire. — " A newspaper, called the Steno- 

 graphe des Chambres, has just been established by the Chamber of De- 

 puties, and is to be supported at its expence, for the purpose of reporting, 

 more fully than the other newspapers can afford space to do, the speeches 

 of the deputies. The whole of the composing and printing is to be 

 done in an adjoining rorm to the hall, and it is calculated that a full 

 report of each sitting may be placed in the hands of members in an 

 hour and a half after the adjournment of the Chamber each day. The 

 paper is about the size of, and promises to be just as repulsive as, the 

 Moniteur." 



England is going head over heels to ruin. The cobblers mustvebel, for 

 people now wear no shoes, and, of course, have none mended. The 

 tailors are in despair, as within the last half-dozen years of public decay, 

 every one has obviously gone naked, and the poor Schneiders have sat 

 with empty thread-cases. Every thing is going on in this unfoi'tunate 

 way. People no longer buy plates and dishes, as why should they. 



