356 Emigration-Report. f Oo. 
galls:tithes. The. difference is strictly no more than’ nominal.’ ‘Both’are 
equally definite, or may, by agreement, be made so.” Neither Tandlord 
nor'tenant, then, has any thing to complain about. "The Jandlord'might 
like to be: sole owner of the estate ; but let him remember, he*has ‘never 
given value) for the whole estate. The. tenant too might ‘prefer "one 
master to two; but let him remember also, he would have precisely ‘the 
same sum to, pay- SOS NEES 
But if the tithes oppress neither landlord nor tenant, do they nét bear 
hard upon, the people, and augment the price of corn? Just as ‘rent 
does, neither more nor less. Rent and tithes, we repeat, operate alike. 
‘The tithe-owner has the very same interests, and of course, the very 
same prejudices, and pursues the very same purposes as the rent-owner ; 
-and thus it is, that, notwithstanding the eternal bicketings between land- 
lords and parsons, we always see them combining in public measures. 
They are to all intents and purposes the same class. If tithes were abo- 
lished to-morrow, that part of the estate would fall, gratuitously ot by 
purchase, into the hands of the land-owner ; and the price of provisions 
so far—be precisely the same as before. The cry of the landlord is 
thus, we see, a groundless one, and any claim he may make to relief, 
on this score, is undeserving the slightest regard. ‘The cry of the people 
too against tithes, as bearing heavily and unjustly upon prices, is equally 
futile.s Rent and tithe are essentially the same thing ; the interests’ of 
-the owners of both are the same ; and neither of them oppressive to’ the 
country, except so far as they haye taken advantage, which they cer- 
tainly have done, of the ignorance and impotency, and at thé expense, 
of the main body of the people, p ROSAS DTG 
To a:very considerable extent, though not to the full extent,’ the 
same thing may be,said of the poor-rates—not to the full extent, ‘be- 
‘cause they fall, unequally. A charge upon the land, for the ‘poor,“has 
existed for centuries, and. of course must constitute an element m the 
price of the produce of the land. An average charge for the poor is 
‘constantly calculated upon, and included in the expenses of cultivation. 
- All expenses of cultivation must go into the cost, and be returned by 
»\the price; or land could not be cultivated. This average payment then 
to the poor falls neither upon landlord nor tenant, but enters into the 
price of produce, and is sustained by the purchaser. The landlord may 
. say, when the, poor-rates rise, I am obliged to relax my demand—t 
must lower my rent, and that is surely my loss. That is true, in some 
--€ases; where, the, poor-rates rise above that general average, which 
enters. into the general price of produce ; and which must fall upon 
landlord or, tenant, or upon both in some ratio or other ; and hence arises 
in. parishes the resolute struggle to keep down the amount of the poor- 
_ rates. But generally, those districts where the poor-rates do rise: much 
above this. average are manufacturing’ ones, and the landlord gets a 
higher rent for his land, which thus balances things again’ with him : 
and besides, these rises above the average have of late’ been but of 
' transient duration. And. finally, though there be cases where *theloss 
actually falls upon the landlords or their tenants, ‘still, with the market 
in. their own hands, the tendency must be to resist individual Joss,’ and 
» bya’ common, and tacit consent, to lay the amount of it upon’ the’ pro- 
»-duce... For| whatever portion, however, of the poor-rates, which présses 
finally upon, the landlord, he has indemnified himself’ ten-fold ‘by’ the 
corn-laws, AMOI SE AREY. I” STORE 
a 
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