£826.) Emigration-Report. 357 
»»-No pretence, whatever, then, is there on the score of tithes, and little 
worth regarding on that of the poor-rates, for flinging the burdens |of 
‘the state (from their own withers on ‘those of the community,! and: still 
less, for securing to themselves a monopoly of the corn. | Yeto these 
things, have they done—have done them, too, with a high’and insolent 
hand, and with a ruinous effect upon the rest of the country, ‘and par- 
ticularly on the lower classes. Upon them have the accumulated conse- 
quences of public extravagance and private exactions fallen.’ ‘The Jand- 
lord squeezes the farmer, and the farmer screws the labourer.’.‘The 
nianufacturer is taxed in his materials, in his food and his clothing, his 
-horse and his gig, and indemnifies himself by clipping the wages: of 
labour. . The trader finds the articles in which he deals many of them 
heavily taxed, and himself sharply watched; and he lays that) tax, 
with a profit for additional outlay, and additional vexation, upon his 
goods, and all is replaced at the cost of the purchaser. » The labourer 
has no lower labourer, on whom he can devolve the load thus cast upon 
himself, and must bear all; he can nowhere indemnify himself, and 
Must pine and suffer in helpless despondence. Can there exist-adoubt 
‘of the truth of this representation ? Look to these ‘plain-facts—the 
wealthy enhanced their gains, and augmented their scale ‘of living, 
‘through the whole progress of augmented public expense; and the 
‘poor, in the same proportion, have become, through the same period, 
more and more depressed. If we could not distinctly trace’ the cause, 
and course of these evils—these facts stare us in the face—perfectly 
unaccountable, upon any supposition of equitable distribution im the 
burdens of the state. Had that distribution been equitable, the rich 
must have suffered proportionately at least with the poor;—but these 
are the incontestible facts, the rich became richer, except’ in’ cases of 
excessive folly arising from excessive elation,—pretty numerous, bythe 
way—and the poor have become poorer. We can however trace the 
causes distinctly, satisfactorily, to the despair of all evasion): In the 
Senate, the great have laid taxation mainly upon articles. of consumption, 
upon which is expended a larger share of the’ income ‘of’ the poor than 
of their own; and at home, in the fields, and in the workshops, they 
‘have encouraged the invention and employment of machinery to the 
ultimate deterioration and destruction of the poor. 
| Well then, here is a hasty sketch of the causes, which the Emigra- 
_ ‘tion-committee have not, we suppose, thought it worth their whiley or 
_, within their province to ascertain, of a REDUNDANCY IN THE POPULA- 
.. v10N, which they have ascertained to exist—resulting, we say, not.from 
the laws of nature, but from the laws of the representative,—not from 
laws over which the great had no control, but which they have them- 
_ Selves created, and which, were they so disposed, they could as speedily 
and effectually repeal—not perhaps from the cool knowledge’of *the 
_ fall effects of their measures, but, at all events, from the ardent pursuit, 
right or, wrong, and with the zeal and recklessness’ of all-devouring 
- gan. . iorlw gop " 1 ROSEN OLS 
)», But) if, after all, we agree on the fact of redundancy, why quarrel, 
| it may) be asked, about the cause? We do not quarrel with them’about 
-» the; cause ; for, with a most significant silence, they do not breathe a 
op whisper, of the cause. Then why this long preamble to trace the cause 
of a fact, which fact is admitted by ourselves and ‘the committee ? 
Here, it will be urged, here is ah allowed effect,—a most’ disastrous 
HixflIO4 
