4I8 Protestant Colonies of Ireland. \Ogt 



are extorted by 6,000 police, and 35,000 soldiers. Prosperous and 

 happy Ireland ! ! ! The remedy is simple. Let the law in Ireland, as in 

 every civilized country of the world, compel the man who creates the 

 misery to assist in mitigating it. Let a rate for the employment of the 

 people in public works be imposed, proportionate to the idleness or 

 poverty produced by the desertion and rapacity of the absentee. Since 

 the peace three famines have swept Ireland. 



We will now consider the remedies which may with facility be applied 

 by government (as it has all the machinery at hand) to render the people 

 of Ireland producers of food for England, and, in return, active pur- 

 chasers of English manufactures. 



Every civilized state in the world, except Ireland, has prevented the 

 extortion of the landlords, by institutions, either springing fi'om the 

 nature of society, or established by positive legal enactments. 



In Austria, great exertions are made for the poor. — Vide Reisbeck's 

 Travels through Germany, p. 79 ; and Este's Journey, p. 337- 



In Bavaria, there are laws obliging each community to maintain its 

 own poor. — Vide Count Rumford's Establishment of Poor in Bavaria, 

 chap. 1. 



In Protestant Germany they are even better provided for. — Vide Ren- 

 der's Tour in Germany, p. 74. 



In Russia, the aged and infirm are provided with food and raiment by 

 law, at the expence of the owner of the estate. — Clark's Travels in 

 Russia. For others who may want, there is a college of provision in each 

 government. — Took's Russian Empire, vol 2, p. 181. 



In Livonia and Poland, the lord is bound by law to provide for the 

 serf. — Vide Bavarian Transactions, vol. 3. 



In Northern Italy and Sicily, the crop is equally divided between 

 landlord and tenant. — Vide Sismondi's Italy. And the revenues of the 

 church support the poor. 



In imperial France, though the land had been divided by an Agrarian 

 law, and cultivated, yet the Octroi, with other revenues, were devoted to 

 the poor. 



In Hungary, though feudal slavery gives an interest to the lord of the 

 soil in the life of his serf, yet the law insists upon the provision of food, 

 raiment and shelter. In Switzerland, though the Agrarian law is in 

 force, and the governments purchase corn to keep down the retail prices, 

 yet there is a provision for tlie poor. — Vide Sismondi's Switzerland, vol. 

 1, p. 452. In Norway there is a provision for the poor. — Clarke's Scan- 

 dinavia, p. (337. 



In Sweden, the most moral counti'y in the world, the poor are main- 

 tained in the same n^ anner as in England ; a portion of the parochial 

 assessment is devoted by law to education. — James's Tour through 

 Sweden, p. 105. 



In Flanders there are permanent funds, &c, for the sustentation of the 

 poor. — Vide Radchff's Report on the Agriculture of Flanders. And 

 there are in the Netherlands seven great work-houses. 



The Dutch poor laws do not differ much from our own. — Vide Mac- 

 farlan's Inquiries concerning the Poor, p. 218. 



Even in Iceland, there is a provision for the poor. — Vide Han's Ice- 

 land. Also in Denmark. — Vide p. 292, Jacob's Tracts on the Corn 

 Laws. In America there are poor laws. — Vide Dr. Dwight's Travels, 

 vol. 4c, p. 320. In Scotland the English system is rapidly extending ; 



