ANTIQUITIES, 
of the mafonry. London-wall, near 
Moorfields, is now the moft entire 
part left of that antient precinét. - 
I muf not omit the Barbican, the 
4pecula or watch-tower belonzing 
to every fortified place. This ftood 
a little without the walls, to the 
north-weit of Cripplegate. 
The gates; which received »the 
great military roads, were four. 
‘The Prwxtorian way, the Saxon 
' Watling-ftreet, pafied under: one, 
‘on the fite of the late Newgate; 
‘veftiges having been difcovered of 
the road in digging above Holborn- 
bridge: it turned down to Dow- 
“gate, or more properly Dwr-gate or 
‘Water-gate, where there was a tra- 
‘jectus or ferry, to join it to the 
‘Watling-ftreet, which was continued 
to Dover. The Hermin-ftreet paffed 
_-under Cripplegate; and a vicinal 
way went under Aldgate, by Bethnal 
Green, towards Oldford, a pats 
over the river Lee to Duroleiton, 
the modern Leiton, im Effex. 
In moft parts of antient London, 
Roman antiquities have been found, 
whenever it has been thought ne- 
ceflary to dig to any confiderable 
depth. Beneath the old Saint Mary 
le Bow were found the walls, win- 
dows, and pavement of a Roman 
‘temple; and not far from it, eigh- 
teen feet deep in adventitious {oi], 
was the Roman caufeway. The 
great elevation of the prefent ground 
above its former ftate, will be taken 
notice of in another place. 
In digging the foundation for the 
rebuilding of St. Paul’s, was found 
a vaft cemetery: firft lay the, Sax- 
ons, in graves lined with chalk 
ftones, or in. coffins of hollowed 
ftones; beneath them had been the 
bodies of the Britons, placed in 
rows. Abundance of ivory and 
boxen pins, about fix inches long, 
105 
marked their place. Thefe were 
fuppofed to have faftened the 
4hrouds in’ which the bodies were 
wrapped. © Thefe perifhing, left the 
pins entire. In the fame row, but 
deeper, were Roman’ urns inter- 
mixed, lamps, lacrymatories; frag- 
ments of facrificial veffels were alfo 
difcovered, in digging towards the 
north-eaft corner; and in 1675, 
not far from the eaft corner, at a 
confiderable depth, beneath fome 
flinty pavement, were found num- 
bers of vefiels of earthen ware, and 
of glafs} of moft exquifite colours 
and beauty,* fome infcribed with 
the names of deities, heroes, or 
men of rank. Others ornamented 
‘with variety of figures in bas relief, 
of animals and of rofe-trees. Tef- 
ferulz of jafper, porphyry, or mar- 
ble, fuch as form the pavement 
we fo often fee, were alfo difcover- 
ed. Alfo glafs beads and rings, 
large pins of ivory and bone, tufks 
‘of bears, and horns of deer fawn 
through. Alfo coins of different 
emperors, among them fome of 
Conftantine; which at once deftroys 
the conjecture of Mr. Maitland, 
who fuppofes that this collection 
were flung together at the facking 
of London by our injured Boa- 
dicia, 
The choice of the fituation of 
this great’ city was molt judicious. 
It is on a gravelly foil; and ona 
declivity down to the borders of a 
magnificent river. The flope is 
evident in every part of the ancient 
city, and the vat modern buildings. 
The -antient city was defended in 
front by the river; on the weit fide 
by the deep ravine, fince known by 
the name of Fleet-ditch; on the 
north by morafles; on the eatt, as 
I fufpect, by another ravine. All 
the land round Weftminfter Abbey 
was 
