HISTORY OF EUROPE. 
loupe, who told the refractory ne- 
groes, “ That, being free, they were 
“not to be flogged for rebellious 
“* practices, but shot like gentle- 
“men; and, farther, obliged to 
[85 
‘¢ work like freemen ; that, by the 
“produce of their labour, they 
“« might be enabled to furnish their 
“ proportion for the support of go- 
“ vernment.” 
CH. A. PV. 
Effects of the Death of the Emperor Joseph, and of the Accession of Leo- 
pold to the Austrian and Imperial Thrones. Mistaken Notions of the 
Meeting atPilnitz. The real Object of that Meeting. Project of Leopold 
for setiling and preserving the Peace of Europe. The Cause of the King 
~ and Royalists of France espoused by Catherine II, of Russia, by the 
~ King of Prussia, and the young Emperor Francis. The Combined Ar- 
~ mies of Austria, commanded by the Duke of Brunswick. The Duke not 
at perfect Liberty to pursue his own Plans. The Manifesto published in 
the Duke's Name. By whom composed. 
J AVING considered the inter- 
nal movements of France, 
and the influence of these upon 
her own foreign dependencies, we 
come now to view them as affecting, 
or affected by, the counsels of inde- 
pendent nations. The decease of 
the Emperor Joseph, and the suc- 
cession of his brother Leopold, as is 
illustrated in former volumes of this 
work, to the Hungarian and Bohe- 
mian thrones, had already given a 
new aspect to the affairs of Europe. 
Leopold had governed Tuscany for 
Near five-and-twenty years, with 
eat wisdom and high reputation. 
He had directed his exertions prin- 
cipally to the good government of 
his people, to the improvement of 
their general condition, to the esta- 
blishment of a perfect police, and to 
every beneficent object of a pacific 
reign. While at Florence, and onlya 
distant spectator of the great scenes 
passing in the empire, he had atten- 
tively studied the affairs of Europe. 
Nor did he fail to perceive or draw 
instruction from the errors of his 
elder brother. Upon his own ele- 
vation to the imperial throne, he 
carried with him to Vienna the sen- 
timents of his former lite. Free 
from the inconsiderate spirit of re- 
form and innovation, he knew how 
to temporize and to attain his ob- 
ject, by profound policy, by pa- 
tience, and by conciliation. In the 
course of avery short reign,scarcely 
comprizing two years, he remedied 
many of the calamities occasioned by 
the precipitation of his brother, He 
had recovered the low countries, 
which had revolted; concluded an 
honourable peace with the Porte, 
and finally, after disarming the jea- 
lousy of Russia, secured the friend- 
ship of Great Britain. The objects 
of the convention of Reichenbach, 
eatered into between Leopold and 
Frederic William, inthe autumn of 
1790, were fulfilled by the peace of 
Sistova, concluded in the following 
year with the Turks. The misun- 
derstanding between the courts of 
London and Petersburgh, which 
gave rise to the armament of 1791, 
was completely terminated. Onthe 
31st of January, 1792, the King of 
[G] 3 Great 
