HISTORY OF EUROPE. 
nation, where the unfortunate Hin- 
doos have been hanged by dozens 
on trees by the road-side, or sus- 
pended on hedge-rows, as they were 
caught in the vain attempt of elud- 
ing their sanguinary pursuers: a 
scene only to be equalled by the 
ferocious Buccaneers, in the act of 
hunting the timid Indians with 
blood-hounds and mastiffs. 
** These horrible cruelties serve 
to keep in awe his subjects of a 
lower class; but policy induces him 
to attach the principal officers, mili- 
tary and civil; and where his inte- 
rest is concerned, no man is more 
liberal of either reward or promo- 
tion. Under the eye of Tippoo, 
his army fight with courage and 
alacrity; but his detachments have 
uniformly given way with little op- 
position, and still less conduct. 
*“His troops are hired by the 
month; but his month is arbitrary. 
Thirty, forty, and even fifty days, 
constitute their duration; and the 
state of his treasury, or his own 
whim, regulates the calendar. 
“ His numerous bodies of cavalry 
have been wonderfully exaggerated. 
His circar, or stable-horse, are the 
first in point of discipline and brave- 
ry; the men are well paid, and uni- 
formly clothed; and the horses, to 
the number of 5 or 6000, are the 
property of government. 
_ “ The next in degree of estima- 
tion are cavalry, collected from all 
parts of India, where the horse is 
the property of the rider, and per- 
haps constitutes his fortune. For 
horses killed in action, no compen- 
sation is allowed ; and the horseman 
is obliged to serve on foot till he 
ean save or plunder money enough 
to resume his former situation. 
When this loss at once deprives the 
soldier of the prospect of promo- 
Vor, XXXIV. 
[193 
tion, and the means of his liveli- 
hood, he can have little induce- 
ment to risk the loss of a favourite 
animal, 
‘© The third class are the Looties, 
or plunderers. These dastardly 
marauders serve without pay, and 
entirely subsist on the plunder of 
the enemy’s country. They burn 
and destroy whatever they cannot 
carry off, and mark their steps with 
blood and desolation. Their horses 
are diminutive, and but little for the 
purposes of war. The men are 
clothed with little more than a tur- 
ban, and a cloth tied about their 
middle, perhaps without a saddle ; 
and their arms consist of a scimitar, 
or pike, It is to these wretches, 
during the war with Hyder, that the 
Carnatic owed its destruction. Un- 
der their hands the finest countries 
in India became little better than a 
desert: whole villages were swept 
away; and our manufacturers, with 
their families, carried to Mysore; 
while the labourers became the 
Coolies, to transport what was for- 
merly their own: and where de- 
fence was attempted, they neither 
spared age nor sex. 
“‘ The toot-soldiers may be divided 
into two classes, the regulars and the 
irregulars; besides which he has 
Golandaurs, or artillery, and a small 
body of Europeans, renegadoes, and 
deserters. A part of the regulars 
are clothed in uniform, somewhat 
in the manner of the English se- 
poys; but by far the greatest num- 
ber have only uniform turbans 
and cumber-bands, with white jack- 
ets and short breeches. ‘(heir 
arms are French muskets, or the 
English ones taken in the course of 
the war of 1780. ‘To discipline 
and command these battalions, he 
has a certain number of foreigners, 
{0} and 
