106 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. , 
are enumerated by our author as grow- 
ing in this peninsula. The vineyards 
are situated in the bottoms of valleys, 
for the convenience of watering the 
plants (which are trained low like cur- 
rant bushes) during the droughts of 
summer. 
«« All the white grapes in Sudagh, Tokluk, 
and Koos, as well as in other parts of Tau- 
sida, are merely pressed in troughs, com- 
posed either of large flat stones, or of wood: 
the lees are passed through presses of a 
simple construction, and the must, instead 
of being allowed to work, is poured into 
casks, the bung-hole of which is left open 
until the fermentation be completed. These 
different pracesses are so negligently con- 
ducted, and most of the proprietors permit 
such large quantities of bad grapes to be ex- 
ressed with berries of a better quality, that 
it is matter of surprise to find the wine, in 
general, tolerably good. On the contrary, 
those who are more cleanly, and pay greater 
attention to the preparation of their wines; 
who suffer the grapes to became perfectly 
ripe; gather them in favourabie weather ; 
pour the juice into clean casks; give the 
must a small addition of good brandy, pre- 
viously to fermentation ; supply the vessels 
properly; proceed cautiously in clarifyi 
the wine, which process must be erfornel 
in the beginning of March, or earlier; tho- 
roughly fumigate their casks with sulphur, 
and keep them in good order; such culti- 
vators obtain wines, especially in Sudagh 
and Koos, which in point of excellence may 
vie with the bestand most salubrious liquors 
designed for the table. Farther, if the grapes 
be judiciously selected, dried in the sun, in 
ovens, or by other means, they will yield a 
sweetish wine, that is in no respect inferior 
to what the Germans denominate S/raw- 
” wine.” 
A particular section is allotted to the 
description of the orchards inthe Crimea. 
These appear to have been planted by 
the Greeks and Armenians; for the 
trees in almost all of them are old, 
though very prolific. The pears, ap- 
ple, quinces, plums, mulberries, and 
walnuts are remarkably good and plen- 
tiful. Figs, pomegranates, peaches, and 
apricots requiring more attention than 
the Tartars are willing to bestow, have 
degenerated, and are reduced almost to 
a wild state. 
The animals of the Crimea are de- 
scribed, perhaps too concisely.. The 
most important is the Tauridan camel, 
with two hunches: in no other conntry, 
we believe, are camels used as beasts of 
draught; here they are harnessedtofour= _ 
wheeled waggons, being scarcely ever 
employed in carrying either men or 
burthens. The grey sheep, that fur- 
nishes the costly finib-sking of the Cri- 
mea, can only be reared to perfection 
cage north-western angle of the penin- 
sula. 
«© Of these handsome grey furs, or 
Shmushki, upwards of 300,000 are in some 
years exported by the way of Perekop, mostly 
to Poland; where they are in great request, 
and sold at a high price. They are disposed 
of, on the spot, according to their beauty 
and greater or less abundance, at three rubles 
and upwards a-piece. They are brought up, 
chiefly in the spring, whe many iaiphe 
pe and are particularly numerous after 
ate frosts and long winters, which prove 
fatal to many of the young animals in the 
month of March. The sheep feed princi- 
pally upon a species of Centaurea, that is 
common in the Crimea, forming large round 
bushes, with innumerable -small flower- 
buds, by the Tartars termed Kurai, or Bin- 
Bash; {or which purpose large quantities of 
it are collected, especially on the Tarkhanskoi- 
Kut. Of black AS 2B more than 50 
or 60,000 are annually exported from Crim- 
Tartary.” 
An account of the salt-lakes, the 
commerce and manufactures of the Cri- 
mea, and the author’s journal of his 
route to Petersburgh, conclude the 
volume. 
We consider this work of Professor 
Pallas’s, as incomparably the best of all 
those that have been published, descrip- 
tive of the Crimea; we meet with none 
of those exaggerations so common among 
modern tourists; and, in the true ex- 
haustive spirit of a German, the author 
has left but little to be gleaned by future 
travellers. In justice to the merits of 
the book, in its English dress, we ought 
to mention that the plates and maps are 
numerous and remarkably well executed, 
but the translation is by no means free 
from faults. We can overlook in a work 
of merit a few Germanisms, and where 
occasional obscurities arise, can pardon 
the translator for not making a luminous 
version of a perplexed original: but his 
insufficient acquaintance with the sci- 
ence, and even terms of mineralogy, 
has introduced, in more places than one, _ 
errors and inconsistencies that most as- 
suredly are not to be attributed to the _ 
learned author. ; 
Si See 
