304 
and by the dissolution of those mono- 
polies which resist the dispersion of her 
opulence over the whole surface of her 
territory. 
Dr. Clarke’s third chapter is properly 
managed. It tends to sow jealousy be- 
tween France and Prussia, by bringing 
out the illiberal sarcasms cast by Hau- 
terive on Prussian ‘policy. We tran- 
scribe. 
«© The second cause of the disorganization 
of Europe appears, according to Mr. Hau- 
terive, on the part of Prussia. 
«¢ This gentleman says, it is not for him 
to trace by what means the successor of a 
prince rose, who acted a subordinate in the 
treaty of Westphalia, who wrote in terms of 
respectful distance, to the ministers of one of 
the principal powers, and from whom those 
ministers ivitbheld the. title of highness in 
their letters. But to the elevation of this 
heuse of Brandenburgh is owing a consider- 
able share of the disorganization of Europe. 
The treaty of Westphalia had for its objects 
the reconciliation of the protestant and catho- 
lic interests. France declared herself the pro- 
tector of the rights of the protestants. But 
the rise of Prussia in the empire changed the 
motives of regard previously entertained for 
the necessary guardianship of France. Prus- 
“sia had its own interests in view, sometimes 
foreign, sometimes opposed to the interests 
of the German confederacy. Hence Prussia 
by its rise rendered appeals to France for its 
intervention between tl.s head of the empire 
and its members, in cases of rupture, less 
frequent. Hence Prussia by its rise caused 
disputes between the empire and its mem- 
bers to. be more frequently the occasions of 
war. Hence Prussia by its rise rendered 
France almost a stranger to the interests of 
Germany, and Germany to the interests of 
France. Hence Prussia by its rise causing 
disputes on the constitution of the empire to 
be no longer determined by France, they 
were resolved by violence, and by the plea- 
sure of the strongest. Hence Prussia by its 
greatness made the protestant confederacy to 
disappear, even to the name whieh indicated 
a community of rights and interests; and 
usurping the place of Hrance by its protec- 
tion, identified the confederacy with itself, 
under the title of the Prussian party. Prus- 
sia however did not and could not acquire 
territorial resources proportionate to its am- 
dition. Prussia did not found its risé upon 
conquest: this would have unmasked the 
designs of aggrandisement. Prussia dissem- 
bled its ambitious plans under the plausible 
forms of the improvement of tactics and its 
‘system of finance and thus rousing emula- 
tion rather than fear, the consequences have 
been fatal. Taught by Prussia, princes have 
adopted the opinion, that geld circulates in 
their countries only to enrich the treasury, 
and that nature has produced mep only to be- 
HISTORY, POLITICS, AND STATISTICS. 
come soldiers. But in the hands of most 
ministers, the former has proved the chimera 
of the Danaides, whereas the latter was a 
ruinous reality. And hence Prussia by its 
rise, by its systems, and by the influence of 
these systems, bowed down every state of 
Europe—weakened the springs of govern- 
ment—rendered intolerable to every people 
the yoke of the authority that galled them— 
multiplied the pretexts for hostility—dispos- 
ed princes to seek every occasion of war— 
furnished the means of rendering wars more 
general, more lasting, and more bloody—and 
finally aggravated the political disorganiza- 
tion, of which the war of the revolution is 
the last, and one of the most important 
effects. 
‘© Thus Prussia stands arraigned before. 
the great tribunal of the world, as guilty of 
the disorganization of Europe. Such is the - 
substance of this charge ; of which the two 
predominant features are, Ist. Prussia, dis- 
sembling her plans of ambition under plau- 
sible forms, first taught to princes, that na- 
ture only furnished men to be formed into 
soldiers, by the example of her military sys- 
tem; and 2d. Gold circulated in their coun- 
tries only to enrich their treasuries by the 
example of her financial system. Let us’ 
now examine on what grounids these accusa- 
tions stand. For, on these two points as 
causes, in like manner as on the exemplary 
lust of conquest imputed to Russia, all the 
subsidiary reasoning, and detailed assertions 
of Mr. Hauterive are built. But we shall 
soon find that all this gentleman’s causes and 
consequences, have neither cement, founda- 
tion, nor existence whatever, save in mis- 
conception, or in extreme historical and 
diplomatic misinformation. 
“¢ During the sixteenth and seventeenth 
centuries, Europe was alternately menaced 
with a great revolution and an universal 
monarchy, by the houses of Austria and» 
Bourbon. The vast possessions, and pre- 
ponderant power of these monarchs urged 
them on to enterprizes ambitions and unjust. 
Chiefly Lewis XIV. by his standing and 
numerous armies, menaced the rights of his 
neighbours whose military power was but 
moderate. P 
<«* This ambitious monarch was the foun- 
der of the military system, according to Vol- 
iaire, and was the first who established 
numerous armies. He instituted grenadiers ; 
introduced the use of the bayonet; aug- 
mented dragoon cavalry ; settled the manner 
in which the artillery was served; founded 
academies for the artillery ; formed immense 
magazines of military stores; raised regi- 
ments of bombardiers ; established regiments 
of militia at the expence of the communities ; 
maintained and instructed companies of 
cadets in most of the frontier towns ; formed 
corps of engineers; perfected the art of for- 
tification under Vauban ; constructed, repair= 
ed, and formed one hundred and fifty forti« 
fications which were rendered almost imprege * 
