694 
hands of the Indians, Persians, and Arme- 
nians. The caravan of Buassora is one of 
those that carries to Bender Abassi a part of 
those rich goods with which that trade is 
supported ; and the same caravan brings back, 
in return, the products of India, China, 
Japan, and Europe, of which Bender is de- 
pository, staple, or storchouse for Persia and 
«the three Arabias. 
*« Besides this commerce with Bender 
Abassi, and that which Bassora maintains 
on the sea coast with the Indians, Moors, 
and Europeans, whose ships arrive here 
every monsoon, this city has also a very con- 
siderable one with Bagdat, which is not ata 
great distance, and is commodiously seated 
for a transportation of its commodities by the 
Tigris ; and the same with Aleppo and the 
rest of the Ottoman empire in Asia, whence 
caravans set out, and a part of them always 
destined for Bassora. 
*< Bavaria, one of the circles of the Ger- 
man empire, adjoining to Austria and Bo- 
hemia; amountainous country, containing 
various mines of copper, and some of silver, 
besides quarries of marble. This circle is 
divided into, three principal provinces ; the 
electorate, subdivided into Upper and Lower 
Bavaria, the Upper Palatinate, and the Arch- 
bishopric of Saltzburg. The revenues of the 
elector arise principally from a monopoly of 
the salt, corn, and strong beer consumed in 
the country or exported. The article of to- 
bacco also the elector engrosses to himself. 
He also enjoys certain tolls on the Danube, 
and other navigable rivers. The subject, 
however, is miserably impoverished by these 
monopolies, insomuch as the peasants make 
their chief subsistence from the herds of 
swine fed in the woods. Here is a great deal 
of valuable fir timber 
«© Bayonne,-in the south of France, seated 
near the mouth of the river Adden, which 
forms a good harbour. The trade of this 
town is considerable on account of its con- 
tiguity to Spain, and the wines brought thi- 
ther aS the adjacent country. The Dutch 
take a large quantity of wine in exchange for 
spirits and other commodities. This place 
is also famous for hams and chocolate. 
*« Bazar, the name for a market-place in 
all parts of the Levant, as well as in Eeypt, 
Persia, and the East Indies. 
Ispahan and Tauris, in Persia, are of great 
extent, the latter particularly, which cof- 
tains ahove 15,000 shops. ; 
«© Beacon, a signal made by a fire on some 
eminence near the sea, to give notices of in- 
vasions, and which no man may set up with- 
out lawful warrant and authority, this being 
a branch of the royal prerogative, and which 
is usually vested in the lords of the admi- 
ralty. ascons are also placed as marks 
either on land or on rocks, to indicate to ves- 
sels how to steer. By sth Elizabeth, c. 13, 
. the masters, wardens, ‘and assistants of the 
Trinity. House, may set up beacons and 
marks for the sea, in such places near the 
The bazars of- 
COMMERCE. 
coasts or forelands as to them shall seen 
meet. And any person who shall take or 
cut down any steeple, tree, or other known 
and established thing standing as sea marks, 
shall forfeit 1001. and on non-payment, be 
ipso facto outlawed. See Light-houses, Tri- 
nity-house. 
** Beancaire, a city of Languedoc, in 
Trance, situated on the Rhone ; famous for a 
fair, which is held every year on the 22d of 
July, and though it only lasis three days, is 
attended by people from all parts of Europe, 
and where every sort of article known in 
commerce almost may be found. 
“* In the way of barter and exchange, the 
usual business done does not fall much short 
of half‘ a’ million sterling, besides about 
250,0001. more in ready money. 
‘© Beaucaire is about 20 miles from the 
Mediterranean sea, and consequently com- 
municates easily with all the countries on its 
borders, and, by the canal of Languedoc, 
with a gveat part of the interior of France 
and the ocean. 
** Beer. Sce Customs, Excise, Exporta- 
tion, Importation. , 
“* Belfast, 2 town in the county of An- 
trim, in Treland, which has a considerable 
trade, particularly in linen. ; - 
*« Belgrade, a city of Turkey, in Europe, 
and capital of Servia, seated on the con- 
fluence of the Save and the Danube. Its 
rivers are convenient for commerce, and, as 
the Danube falls into the Black Sea, the 
trade is easily extended to different countries, 
which’ renders it the staple town in these 
parts, and the Danube flowing to Vienna, 
commodities are equally conveyed from 
thence . The shops. are but small, and the 
sellers sit on tables, and dispose of their com- 
modities out of a window, for the buyers 
never go inside. The richest merchandizes, 
are exposed to sale in two bezesteins or ba- 
zars, built crossways. There are two ex- 
changes built with ‘stone, and supported by 
pillars, not unlike the Royal Exchange at 
London. 
«© Benares, one of the first cities of the 
East Indies, situated on the north bank of 
the Ganges. It carries on a considerable 
commerce, particularly in silks and cotton 
cloths, both plain and coloured. Here are 
a nember of commodious caravanseras, in 
which the commodities are exposed for sale ; 
and as they are sold by the manufacturers 
themselves, strangers have them at the first 
hand, and of course cheaper than in most 
other towns of India, where the Banians, 
Jews, and Armenians purchase them to sell 
again. The manufacturers, before exposing 
any thing for sale, must obtain from the pro- 
per officer the royal stamp on every piece of 
cloth or silk, under penalty of a fine, besides 
corporal punishment. 
«© Benecario, a city in the province of Va- 
lencia, in Spain, the country round which 
produces excellent wines. The white wine’ 
is famous, as also a deep coloured thick red 
