: 
siderably exceed the plane of its base, 
“as measured for the construction of a 
map. 
» The climate in such northerly latitude 
and high elevation must be late: corn 
harvest seldom commences before the 
second week in September, or closes be- 
fore the latter end of October. The 
winters are rigorous, and the turnip crop 
-js often lost, unless consumed by christ- 
‘mas or new year’s day! We recommend 
- Mr. Findlater to attempt the introduc- 
tion of the Rev. Mr. Munning’s excellent 
method of preserving the turnip crop : 
Mr. .M. published a small pamphlet 
_ about two years ago, in which he has 
“given very ample instructions on this 
subject. ‘ 
By far the greater part of the soil of 
_ Tweeddale never was, nor probably ever 
“will be, turned up by the plough: of the 
lands under culture, there is a great va- 
riety of soil, such as moss, clay, sand ; 
moss and clay, moss and sand, clay and 
sand ; and these mixtures, which Mr. F. 
_.considers as purely artificial, are in eve- 
Ty variety of proportion. Though tra- 
‘dition reports that a great variety of 
wood once grew in the county, few ves- 
tiges of it remain, and those are mise- 
rably dwarfish: the only specimens of 
+ the wood of former times are stinted 
‘ 
; frees found in mosses. Mr. Findlater 
’ has the following note upon this subject. 
» ur peat mosses is birch or hazel. Oak is 
. sometimes, thongh rarely found; black, hea- 
yy, and hard, like ebony. Single trees of 
oak, of considerable size, have been found in 
mosses near the top of high hills. 
‘« It is pretty remarkable, that, in the 
moors of Carnwath* parish in Lanarkshire, 
adjoining to the higher parts of Tweeddale 
on the north-west, at an elevation as: high, 
and under a climate as unpropitious as any 
art of Tweeddale, most places seemed to 
s faite obtained their names from woods ; such 
as Harwood or Hartwood, Girtwood or Great- 
wood, Woodside, Woodend, &c. &c. Yhere 
are no vestiges of such woods above the sur- 
_ face, but abundance below the mosses. Fir 
© (anknown in Tweeddale mosses) is found in 
‘some of these, long and straight, indicating 
» its haying grown in thickets. . Sts fibres are 
so tough that they are twisted into ropes for 
_.~ halters and teathers: the splits of it are 
used for light, by the name of candle fir— 
Strong marks of great convulsions in nature. 
“< Some farmers have taken the hint of bu- 
rying fir, for roofing, in mosses, in order to 
» Insure its incorruptibility.” 
Among the subterranean riches of the 
county are to be enumerated white and 
. 
FINDLATER’S AGRICULTURE OF PEEBLES: 
. The wood most commonly found in. 
701 
red freestone, whinstone, slate, coal, and 
limestone. 
Chap. III. As we do not feel our- 
selves shackled by the prescribed forms 
of the board of agriculture, it will not 
be necessary to follow Mr. Findlater 
chapter by chapter, and section by sec- 
tion; we shall content ourselves with 
stopping now and then to notice any 
thing interesting, curious, or useful. It 
is interesting to learn, in consequence of 
the increasing sentiments of liberality 
among the landed gentry, of security 
among the tenantry, and of wealth in 
both ; that the comfort, accommodation, 
and style, of farm-houses throughout 
Scotland have of late years been much 
improved. In consequence of the 
firm establishment of monarchy, and the 
dissolution of aristocracy ; of the’ aboli- 
tion of heritable jurisdictions, and the 
substitution of independent judges, un- 
connected with the subjects of their own 
jurisdiction, and having ho personal in- 
terest in their own decisions ; the securi- 
ty of the tenantry-as well as of all the 
lower orders in society is confirmed : 
general industry has kept ‘pace with 
growing security, and the situation of 
every rank is altered greatlycfor the 
better.” 2119 
A high character is given of the 
Tweeddale farmers, who are represented 
as industrious, enterprising,’and well- 
informed ; we cannot join in compli- 
menting their tardiness to adopt modes 
of improvement introduced by gentle- 
men farmers. | ‘That they should have 
resisted for forty years, in contempt of 
positive rewards and obvious advantage, 
the improved system of husbandry, as it 
is called, the ameliorating: rotation of 
corn, green-crop fallow, and artificial 
grasses, is a strong symptom of obstinate 
and stupid adherence to old practices. 
We are not going to, discuss the oft- 
agitated question, ‘ which are most ad- 
vantageous to a country, large farms or 
small ones ? but the fact is worth notic+ 
ing in the discussion, that the managers 
of extensive concerns acquire a genero- 
sity and liberality of character, which 
others who are buried in petty-fogging 
details, in scraping up the cheese-par- 
ings and candles’ ends of traffic, are not 
likely to acquire ; confidence between 
merchants scarcely knows a limit. The 
fact, perhaps, is too notorious to require 
evidence, but an instance or two occur 
and we, shall. give them: ‘The richest 
traflic on the face of the earth, perhaps, 
