832 
architect in the practice and study of per-, 
spective. 
«« All public buildings, particularly those 
in towns, are generally placed on some parti- 
cular spot or situation ; Rea wee they 
ean be seen only from particular stations. 
The architect will therefore do well to exa- 
mine and consider those stations or points of 
view from which his building will be seen, 
and then conduct the design of the exterior 
elevation of his edifice accordingly. Yet all 
the precaution here recommended will be 
useless to him, who does not understand per- 
spective, or who will not practise it. 
«© Tt may be objected that making perspec- 
tive drawings would be attended with too 
much trouble, and be inconvenient to the 
yworknran ; because he could not, without 
equal skill in the science, be able to find out 
the measures of the parts by the scale; but 
this objection will vanish, when it is obsery- 
ed, that in the composition of great works 
every method should be practised which can 
ensure success: and that the making some 
additional sketches or drawings in perspec- 
tive, although the minute parts are not deter- 
isined by the absolute rules, will be sufficient ; 
especially, if those sketches are of the parts of 
MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
which there may be any doubt concerning. 
their future effect; and in many cases this 
will save the expence of a model. . Another 
strong recommendation to this practice is, 
that an architect labours under a disadvan- 
tage not known to the painter, which is, that 
he cannot alter or correct his works after they 
are finished; and therefore it is more particu 
larly incumbent on him to guard agatnst er- 
rors or mistakes by all the means in his 
ower. 
«* But should the advice here given be 
slighted, in what relates to the designs being 
drawn perspectively, yet let the architect be 
assured, that he who is master of the science 
will possess resources by which he will be 
enabled to dispose particular parts of his 
buildings with such art, as may produce very 
striking and uncommon effects. It is true, 
that there are no examples of such artificial 
effects to be seen in this country, and but few 
in others, except in theatres. Yet such are 
by, no means impracticable; therefore this 
hint is oflered, which may be greatly improy- 
ed by the skilful architect, who is master of 
perspective ; but which will be useless to 
him who is ignorant of it.” 
A 
: 
Arr. X. Evening Amusements ; or, the Beauty of the Heavens displayed. In which sem 
veral striking Appearances to be observed on various Evenings in the Heavens during the 
Year 1804 are described: and several Means within Doors are pointed out by which the 
Time of young Persons may be innocently, agreeably, and profitably employed. Intended to 
- be continued annually. By W. Frenv, £sq. M.A. and Fellow of Jesus College, Cam- 
bridge. Svo. pp. 187. 
AMONG the numerous excellent 
books that have been composed within 
the last thirty years for the use of young 
persons, there is not one which has suc- 
ceeded in giving a familiar description 
of the appearances of the heavens, and 
the fundamental truths of astronomy.— 
This deficiency is at length supplied by 
the work before us, which is admirably 
well adapted to interest young persons 
in the changes that are constantly taking 
place among the heavenly bodies, and to 
familiarise them with many curious and 
important phenomena, of which num- 
bers even of well educated people, for 
want of so skilful and scientific a guide, 
are almost wholly ignorant. 
We select the following paragraph as 
a specimen of the manner in which Mr. 
Frend has executed his design. 
‘* On the twenty-third at sun-set the moon 
appears in the eastern part of the heavens, and 
near to ita bright star, which -is the second 
star in the Bull, being between one and two 
degrees to the north-west of her. At half 
past five the three stars in the Ram are on the 
meridian, at a quarter past seven the Pleiades 
are on the ‘nicridian; at eight Aldebaran, and 
at a quarter past nine the Moon, when the 
most Beautifal constellation in the heavens: 
is to be discovered also on the meridian, and 
the observer will be gratified with ,an efful- 
gence, with which the most brilliant collec 
tion of diamonds bears no comparison. Car- 
ry your eye down from the Moon, in the di- 
rection of the meridian, about twenty-six 
degrees, and three bright stars in a line, at 
the distance of about a degree between the 
two adjacent ones, will arrest your attention. 
These three stars now cross the meridian line’ 
in the direction nearly from south-east to 
north-west, and below them are three more 
stars of smaller magnitude, in the direction of: 
the meridian. The first three stars are called, 
the Belt, the three smaller stars are called the 
Sword of Orion; the constellation, to which 
they belong, taking its name from.a fabulous | 
hero of ancient times. In the meridian, 
about ten degrees above the first star in the 
Belt, are three small stars, which are in the 
head of Orion, and about five degrees to the 
south-east of these three stars, is a star bright-. 
er than any other star in this constellation, 
which is the first star of Orion, or the star in 
his night shoulder: and about four degrees to, 
the south-west is the third star of Orion, or 
the star in his left shoulder. About nine 
degrees to the south-west of the middle star 
in the Belt, is the second star of Orion, or 
