886 
20, Pinus albas white spruce fir. 
Foliis solitariis tetragonis incurvis: 
strobilis cylindraceis laxis: squamis 
obovatis integerrimis. 
A native of North America above the 
34th degree of north latitude, but it dis- 
appears southward. It is recommended 
by Wagenheim as a hardy, profitable 
tree; and is moreover one of the most 
ornamental of the abies tribe, growing 
with its branches feathered to the ground, 
and on account of the peculiar glaucous 
hue of its leaves, makes a beautiful ap- 
pearance when mixed with other pines. 
Fine trees of this species may be seen at 
Milton-Abbas, in Dorsetshire, and at 
Paine’s Hill. From its branches boiled 
‘vith oats, biscuits and molasses, the 
American spruce beer is prepared. 
21. Pinus nigra; black spruce fir. 
Foliis Solitariis tetragonis, undique 
sparsis, rectis, strictis; conis oblongis. 
A native of New England, Canada, 
&c. The young shoots and leaves, like 
those of the alba, are used in making 
spruce beer, and by some preferred to 
them, 
22. Pinus rubra; Newfoundland red 
pine or spruce fir, 
Foltis solitariis, subulatis, acuminatis ; 
strobilis oblongis, obtusis; squamis ro- 
tundatis, subbilobis, margine integris. 
First propagated in this country by 
Mr. Thoburn, m the gardens of Mess. 
Whately and Barret, at Brompton, 
where are a few trees, but too young to 
produce full sized cones. Its right to 
be received as a distinct species is not yet 
fully ascertained. 
23. Pinus orientalis. 
Foliis solitariis tetragonis ; strobilis 
ovato-cylindraceis : squamis rhombelis. 
This species is inserted only on the 
authority of Tournefort, who found it 
growing near Trebisonde, Mr. Lam- 
bert has not seen a specimen either re- 
cent or dried, but is inclined to think 
some cones brought from China belong 
to this oriental pine. Two of these 
cones are figured, as is also 2 branch 
copied from a drawing made by Au- 
briet, under the eye of Tournefort him- 
self, and now in the possession of M. de 
Jussieu. ' 
24, Pinus picea ; silver fir. 
Foliis solitariis planis, subsecundis, 
atrobilis cylindraceis erectis ; bracteolis 
elongatis ; antherarum crista, bicorni. 
_In Stberia, where this species is very 
abundant, it is considered by the Tartar 
kordes as a sure indication that ,good 
NATURAL HISTORY: 
springs are at hand. Its wood is soft 
and not durable. Between the midrib 
and the edges of its leaves, there is a 
beautiful silvery white appearance, 
whence its English name is derived. It 
affords a liquid resin, sold in Germany 
under the name of Strasburgh turpen- 
tine, which is of a middle consistence 
between that of the terebinthus and the 
larix ; in smell more agreeable than any 
other turpentine, except the cyprian ; in 
taste the bitterest, yet least acrid. 
25. Pinus balsamea ; balm of Gilead 
firy gitar i 
Foliis solitariis planis, subsecundis 
strobilis cylindraceis erectis, bracteolig 
abbreviatis, antherarum crista mutica. 
A native of Nova Scotia, Canada, &c. 
Between its bark and wood are vesicles 
which contain a whitish transparent re- 
sinous juice, which is brought from Ca- 
nada, under the name of Canada balsam, 
and apparently not very different in its 
qualities from the celebrated balm of 
Gilead exclusively the produce of amy- 
ris Gileadensis. From its cones, which 
are of a beautiful glossy deep purple co- 
lour, there exudes also a great quantity 
of transparent resin. Some of the largest 
trees of this species in England are at 
Woburn Park and Warwick Castle. 
They are said to be more than 20 years 
old ; but in this country they generally 
decay sooner. 
26. Pinus Canadensis. _ 
Foliis  solitariis, planis, denticulatis, 
subdistichis ; strobilis ovatis, terminali- 
bus, vix folio longioribus, ; 
It bears a great resemblance to the 
common yew, butis less stiff. A large 
tree planted by Mr. Peter Collinson, by 
whon: it was first cultivated here, is still 
standing at Mill Hill. 
27. Pinus taxifolia ; Nootka fir, 
Foliis solitariis, planis, integerrimis, 
strobilis oblongis, antheris inflato.didy- 
mis. 
Figured from a specimenin the Bank- 
sian Herbarium, brought from the north- 
west coast of America by Mr. Menzies. 
25. Pinus lanceolata; broad-leaved 
fir. 
Foliis solitariis Janceolatis, planis, 
patentibus ; strobilis globosis ; squamis 
acuminatis. 
Figured from a fine specimen in the 
Banksian Herbarium, brought from 
China by Sir George Leonard Staunton, 
Bart, 
29, Pinus Jarix; larch. . 
Voliis fasciculatis, deciduis; strobifis 
