ELSAM Ss ESSAY ON RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
0g purpose. The ascent to itis by a flight 
of stone steps, througha handsome gate- 
way ofred stone. The doors of this gate- 
way are covered throughout with plates 
of wrought brass. ‘The terrace, on which 
the mosque is situated, is a square of about 
1400 yards of red stone; in the center is 
a fountain lined with marble for the pur- 
pose cf performing the necessary ablu- 
tions previous to ptayer.. An arched 
colonade of red stone surrounds the whole 
of the terrace, which is adorned with oc- 
tagon pavilions, at convenient distances, 
for sitting in. The mosque is of an ob- 
long form, 261 feet in length, surmounted 
with three magnificent domes of white 
marble, intersected with black stripes, 
and flanked by two minarets of white 
marble and red _ stone, alternately rising 
to the height of 130 feet. Each of these 
minarets has three projecting galleries of 
white marble, and Hi summits are 
erowned with light octagon pavilions of 
the same. The whole front of the Jum- 
mah Musjed is faced with large slabs of 
beautiful white marble; and under the 
cornice are ten compartments, which are 
inlaid with inscriptions in black marble 
in the Nuski character, and are said to 
contain great part, if not the whole, of 
the Koran. The inside ofthe mosque is 
paved with large flags'of white marble, 
decorated with a-black border, and is 
wonderfully beautiful and delicate. The 
walls and roof are lined with plain, white 
marble, and near the kibla is a hand- 
some niche, adorned with a profusion of 
frieze work. ,The domes are crowned 
with cullises richly gilt, and present a 
glittering appearance from a distance. 
This’ mosque was built by Shah Jehan 
about 1650, at the expence of ten lacks 
_of rupees.” 
The Mausoleums are uniformly build- 
ings on an equilateral plan; they gene- 
rally consist of several terraces and stories 
, 931 
rising on diminished bases, which givesthe 
whole pile a pyramidal effect, and termi- 
nated with a dome. The mausoleum of 
Amir [Chusero is remarkable for simplici- 
ty of form; and that of the Kanee, wife of 
the emperor Jehangire, for richness and 
beauty. The terraces of these buildings 
are generally ballustraded with ‘marble 
lattice-work, many examples of which 
are very magnificent, ° 
We observe several beautiful speci- 
mens of palaces and domestic architec- 
ture, particularly the Chalees Satoon, or 
forty pillars, and the palace built by Ack- 
bar, which are in the mixed style of Hin- 
doo colonades with Mahometan minars 
and cupolas. The palaces and mosques 
are surrounded with high walls, and the 
lofty gateways, which give entrance to 
them, are a remarkable feature in Maho- 
tmetan architecture: these are piles of 
building of considerable size and mag- 
nificence ; they are commonly equilateral 
in plan, with a very large arched gate- 
way in the middie, which sometimes 
reaches nearly to the roof, though more 
frequently has an apartment over it tor 
music. The square tront of these edi- 
fices, with the enormous central arch, and 
upper and side balconied windows, the 
terraced roof, with cupolas at the cor- 
ners, and the whole enriched with an 
exuberance of ornament, produce an 
effe& of grandeur which scarcely any 
other entrance can parallel. 
The exercise of the rite of ablution 
practised by the Hindoos has lined: the 
banks of the Ganges with gauts or flights 
of steps, many of which have a strikmg 
effect: it has also produced the baolees 
or public baths, of which there is a fine 
example at Ramnagur. This isa square 
of buildings inclesing arcades and sae 
of steps, descending to a square bath in 
the middle. 
Agr. Il.. dn Lssay on Rural Architecture, illustrated with original and economical 
Designs ; being an Attempt also to refute by Analogy the Principles of Mr. James Malton’s 
Lssay on British Cottage Archiecture, supported by several Designs. To which are 
added, rural Retreats and Villas in the Gothic Castle, Roman and Urecian Styles of Ar- 
' chitecture, with Ideas for, Park Entrances, a Mausoleum, and a Design for the Naval 
Pillar to immortalize British Naval Heroism: the whole compri:ing 90 Plates in Aqua- 
tinta, designed by Racwarn Eusam, Architect. Ato. pp. 52. 
' ‘THIS. is one of the many books of de- 
signs that have of late years been offered 
to the public, which deserve attention, 
rather as,shewing the state, of public 
-taste.in architecture, than from. their 
intrinsic. merit. Collectively speaking, 
* 
they possess convenience, ewconomy, ele- 
gance; but they frequently exhibit servile 
imitation and unreasonable novelty, sim- 
plicity carried to meanness, and tawdry 
ornament, while the rules of good archi« 
rE are ignorantly neglected, or ab- 
302 
