Birds of Oregon and Washington 211 



the California, the Short-billed, and the Bona- 

 parte's Gulls, and the Pacific Kittiwake. 



All but one of these nest in the North, in the 

 Arctic or sub-Arctic regions, and are most in 

 evidence on our coasts in the autumn and win- 

 ter months. 



THE WESTERN, OR SUMMER, GULL. 



This is the only permanent resident among 

 our Gulls, nesting in summer time on the islands 

 along the Pacific coast. It is rather smaller 

 than the Glaucus-winged and the American Her- 

 ring Gulls and has the darkest mantle of any 

 of the species named. It has been and still is, 

 in some parts, tame and friendly, in spite of its 

 abuse by boys. Sometimes it has been seen 

 perching on houses with pigeons. Dr. Cooper 

 says it is the most abundant and characteristic 

 of the Pacific coast Gulls. 



Description. — Rather smaller than the American 

 Herring Gull ; bill, larger in proportion ; mantle, deep 

 lead-color ; secondaries and tertiaries, very broadly — 

 for one inch or more — tipped with white ; four outer 

 primaries, black ; outer quill, with about two inches of 

 its terminal portion, white ; remainder of the plumage, 



