12 NATURAL HISTORY OF HAWAII. 



ists — that to give full and proper credit for iuformation on Hawaiian subjects 

 would involve a searching and comparing of original sources, that would profit 

 but little, and would add endless labor to an already heavy task. 



So as the teller of an old tale the author makes no elaborate attempt to 

 enumerate his sources and burden his book with an extended bibliography. 

 No one however can, without flagrant injustice, write upon any Hawaiian 

 theme without acknowledging his indebtedness to Mr. Thomas G. Thrum, who 

 for more than forty years has been steadily engaged in gathering, compiling 

 and publishing data on every phase of the Hawaiian Islands. His forty An- 

 nuals constitute a mine of information of which these islands are justly proud. 



In the bod\- of the text effort has been made to indicate the chief source 

 and give credit for noteworthy facts, but the author wishes especially in this 

 connection to allude to his colleagues and fellow workers in the field of science, 

 who have generously given every assistance in their power in a spirit of willing 

 cooperation that has made a pleasure of what would otherwise — and but for 

 the love of the thing — have been a tedious and thankless task. 



In order that these pages might carry the additional weight of specific 

 authority the author has read the manuscript of the various chapters to special- 

 ists who have distinguished themselves in their chosen fields, and has incorporated 

 their suggestions and corrections in the text. Those who have rendered material 

 aid in this line or in other ways not elsewhere mentioned are Dr. John T. Gulick, 

 evolutionist; Dr. N. B. Emerson, ethnologist; Dr. William D. Alexander, his- 

 torian; ]\Irs. Emma Metcalf Nakuina, Hawaiian scholar; Mr. Thomas G. Thrum, 

 historian and Hawaiian authority; Dr. Charles H. Hitchcock, geologist; Pro- 

 fessor Charles W. Baldwin, geographer; Dr. Henry A. Pilsbry, conchologist ; 

 Miss Mary Rathbun, crustaceologist ; Dr. Walter K. Fisher, zoologist; Professor 

 Otto Swezey, Mr. David T. Fullaway, Mr. E. M. Ehrhorn, economic ento- 

 mologists; Dr. R. C. L. Perkins, Professor Henry W. Henshaw, Mr. Daniel B. 

 Kuhns, naturalists; Mr. J. E. Higgins, horticulturist; Professor F. G. Krauss, 

 agriculturist ; Professor Vaughan MacCaughey, Mr. Joseph F. Rock, Mr. Charles 

 N. Forbes, botanists, and to ilessrs. D. Thaanum, William Wilder, Irwin Spald- 

 ing, collectors. The author is under especial obligations to his former student, 

 Mr. D. B. Kuhns. for nuieh help in many fields. 



To the author's wife, Elizabeth Letson Bryan, Sc. D., whose interest in his 

 labors has been never failing, a sincere tribute of appreciation is due for con- 

 stant and valuable help, criticism and suggestions in all departments of the book. 

 Only those who write books can appreciate what her contribution in encourage- 

 ment, denial, love and service has been to this book. 



The half-tone illustrations were made from photographs in the author's col- 

 lection. They, like the text, have been brought together from many sources. 

 The greater number, however, are from negatives that, at one time or another, 

 have been made expressly for use in this volume. Credit is given for the 

 illustrations in another connection. 



