THE HAAVAIIAN PEOPLE. 61 



Household Implements. 



In the manufacture of otlier household implements, as pig dishes, dog 

 trays, fish dishes, finger bowls, slop basins and the like, the same tools and ma- 

 terials were used and the same general method of working them into shape was 

 employed, though frequently they were carved or ornamented in various ways. 



In the calabash gourd the Hawaiians had a substitute for the more labori- 

 ously prepared wooden bowl just described. While the calabash gourd is not a 

 native of Hawaii and was not found on the other islands in Polynesia, it was 

 in general use among the natives of this group at the time of their discovery 

 and the shells of the fruit put to many uses in their economy, often being em- 

 ployed as receptacles for food, containers for water and storage boxes for cloth- 

 ing and personal effects. 



A slightly different though equally useful species was the bottle gourd. 

 Unlike the former, it was known and used quite generally throughout Poly- 

 nesia. The smaller ones served as first-rate water bottles and the larger speci- 

 mens were utilized in the manufacture of their hula-drums, which were some- 

 times three feet or more in height. Both species were extensively cultivated in 

 the period of which we write. In preparing them for use the soft, bitter pulp 

 was first scraped out as clean as possible and the shell allowed to dry. When 

 it had become thoroughly hardened the remaining portion of the soft material 

 was scraped out with a piece of pumice or a fragment of coral. They were then 

 filled with water and left to stand until they had become sweet. 



In making water bottles where the small neck did not admit of the pre- 

 liminary scraping, the soft part was allowed to I'ot oiit. Then stones and sand 

 were put inside and shaken about until the contents came away, leaving only 

 the clean, hard outer shell. To the bottle was added a sea shell or folded palm 

 leaf as a stopper, and the container was ready for use. The different forms often 

 had different uses. When it was desired to carry them, — or indeed any heavy 

 burden, — the larger gourds were usually provided with carrying nets of one form 

 or another and suspended one on eitlijer end of a tough wooden carrying stick 

 which was notched at each end. 



Finger bowls were in general use among the Hawaiians long before they 

 were introduced by the whites, and many ingenious devices were perfected 

 by the natives to remove the sticky, pasty poi from their fingers. These bowls 

 varied greatly in size, shape and design, but were generaly made from the kou. 



Description of Pl.\tk. 

 1. A chiefess [alii] wearing a holoku; about tlie neek is shown a lei [lei palaoa] of 

 braided human hair ornamented with a pendant ivory hook; in the hand is a small kahili with 

 ivory and tortoise shell handle. The lei palaoa and the "fly flap" are both insignia of chief- 

 tainship. 2. Middle-aged corpulent Hawaiian ; beside the poi board is shown the taro roots 

 as they appear before baking. 3. Group of Hawaiian diving boys in Honolulu harbor. 

 4. Hawaiian woman plaiting a lauhala mat ; beside her is a finished mat and a bvindle of the 

 lauhala leaves ready for use. .5. Ohulenui, whose father, as a boy, was familiar with the 

 history and practices of worship at Iliiliopoi, the great heiau on Molokai in Mapulehu Valley. 

 6. A pure blood middle-aged Hawaiian surrounded by objects of more or less recent manu- 

 facture. 



