THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE. 81 



peared to be ignorant, they used their stout spears in warding off blows. 

 These were made of heavy solid wood perfectly straight in form and were 

 twelve to twenty feet in length. Their javelins were smaller, being about 

 six fee t in length and were provided with plain, arrow-shaped, or barl)ed 

 heads which, though dull, were effective when thrust against the bare skin of 

 the enemy. The next most important of their weapons were stout clubs of 

 various sizes and forms made of wood, stone or bone. With these they were 

 able to deal a powerful blow. Their dagger-like sword was from sixteen inches 

 to two feet in length and was fretjuently pointed at both ends. This weapon 

 was supplied with a string of olona by which it was suspended from the wrist. 

 Another form of sword had a saw-like edge set with a few shark teeth. The how 

 and arrow in a diminutive form, although used by the alii in the i-oyal sport 

 of .shooting rats and mice, was never made use of in warfare ; instead, slings 

 manufactured of human hair, braided pandanus or coeoanut cord were the im- 

 portant weapons of defense. With them they were able to hiiri the smootli 

 egg-shaped pebbles which they prepared with special care, with great force and 

 accuracy. The canoe breaker, made for naval warfare, was simply a round stone 

 firmly fastened to the end of a rope. This could be whirled about the head 

 and thrown with sufficient force 1o smash the thin shell cif thi- enemy's canoe. 



The instruments made use of in hand-to-hand encounters were knives fitted 

 with one or two shark's teeth; disemboweling weapons were made by fastening 

 a single shark tooth firmly in a short stick of wood, so arranged as to be carried 

 concealed in the hand, until, in an unguarded moment, it could suddenly be 

 made use of with fatal effect. A rarer weapon, used in securing victims 

 for human sacrifice, was a stout cord in a slip-noose form, that was firmly 

 fastened to a knob-like handle. In use the noose was stealthily thrown over the 

 head of the intended victim and liaided taut from the rear by the knob, the back 

 of tile victim usually lieiiig broken in the nttacl^ tliat followed. 



While the natives were industrious and skilled in the jjursuits of peace, 

 expert in their jirimitive arts of war, and an exceedingly religious jieople, they 

 found nnieh tinn- fi)r amusements and tlevised many games suited to both chil- 

 dren and adults, fi-oni which they derived much enjoyment. 



The Hula. 



The hula was the form of diversion most commonly indulged in. All of 

 every age and character took part in it. It was not so mucli a dance in the 

 usual .sense of the term, as a form of religious service in which acting in gesture 

 and movement was made use of in developing the ideas expressed by the song 



1. Hawaiian youtli staiuling on the surf board [papa hee nalu|. 2. Showing the 

 shape and size of the board. 3. Eacing in the surf at Waikiki; Diamond Head in the back- 

 ground. 4. An outrigger eanoe (waa) showing the outrigger (ama) of wiliwili wood and 

 the connecting bars fiako] of hau and the gunwale [moo] of ulu. The paddles [hoe] are of 

 koa and kauila wood. 5. Two single canoes on the beach. The hull of the canoe is always 

 made of a single koa log. 



