THE ANIMAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 351 



Students of the subject of fish and tish culture tell us that there are now 

 known in the waters of the world more than ten thousand species of bony 

 fishes. These they have divided into about twenty orders, which are again 

 divided into numerous families, and still more numerous genera. Of the im- 

 portant genera, a surprising number are represented in the tisli fauna of 

 Hawaii by one or more species. 



]\Iany of the six hundred or more species attributed to Hawaii are never 

 seen in the markets, since they dwell only in the dark abysses of the deep open 

 ocean, often miles below its surface. They are only captured by the use of 

 complicated apparatus operated at great expense by scientific men commissioned to 

 study the wonders of the great ocean, and who for their work must employ 

 specially equipped vessels, such as the United States Fish Commission ship 

 Albatross. 



Then again, fish, like birds and plants and insects, have their peculiar 

 habitats, and require special conditions or certain kinds of food. As a result, 

 many of the common kinds are confined in very limited localities. Out of 

 over one hundred species of food fish that are regarded as abundant in Hawaii, 

 only five — the aku, oio, uku, ulaula and ulua — enter into the records as being 

 taken commercially by the fishermen on all of the large islands of the group. 



Of the large number of species of fish sold in Honolulu, almost none are 

 the same species as are sold in the markets of the mainland or in foreign coun- 

 tries. This is because the fish fauna of Hawaii is isolated from that of other 

 lands. However, most of the commcm families of sea fish have local repre- 

 sentatives, some of them jierhaps excelling in flavor the species with which 

 strangers from abroad are more familiar. "While in general it may be said 

 that the fish fauna of Hawaii is in a large measure derived from the fauna of 

 the East Indies, and while it is more closely related to the fishes of Polynesia 

 than to those of North America or Japan, it should be regarded as consti- 

 tuting a minor faunal group composed in the main of forms which have been 

 isolated long enough, in most instances, to form distinct species. 



Anchovies and BARR.\crD.\s. 

 A good example of this localization of species is shown by the nehu,- which 

 is in reality a very abundant local species belonging to the genus including the 

 widely and favorably known anchovy of commerce. So far they have only 

 been secured from the Hawaiian Islands. They are fish of small size with a 

 well-marked, broad, silvery lateral band. In ll>()() the records for the islands 

 shows a catch of more than ninety thousand pounds of this species for the year. 



(Description of Plate Continued from Opposite Fage.) 

 Lizard-fish [Kawelea] (Traehinocephalus myops). 6. Lizard-fish [Ulae] (Sytiodus varius). 

 7. Moray [Puhi] {Gt/miwthorax ercodes). 8. Moray [Puhi laiimili] {Gymnotharax imcluta- 

 tas). 9. Moray [Puhi] {Gymnothorax peteJli). 10. Moray [Puhi kapa] {Echidiia iiebu- 

 losa). 11. Trumpet-fish [Nunu] {Aulosiomvs valentiiii). 12. Sea-horse {Hippocampus 

 fisheri). 13. Needle-fish [Ahaaha] {Athleiincx hians). 14. Half-beak [Me'e me'e] (Hemi- 

 ramphus depauperatus). 1.5. Half-beak [Iheih?] (Etdeptorhampus loiigirostris). 



