THE ANIMAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 391 



tenna- and distinct eyes. The females are ahvay.s wingless and generally, 

 tluiujili not always, remain fixed at scime one spot. In many speeies the 

 female soon dies, leaving her body as a protection over the eggs until the 

 young have hatched and begin to rove about in search of food, which they 

 secure by puncturing the plant and sucking up the sap. 



Scale insects are more numerous within the tropics than in the more tem- 

 perate regions. They multiply rapidl\' and are very injurious to plant 

 life. They infest a large number of fi-uit and ornamental trees in tlie 

 islands, and are already firmly established, with reiu'esentatives of most if not 

 all the more injurious species found on the mainland, as well as from Aus- 

 ti' ilia and the Orient. In spite of the precautions taken to preveut their im- 

 portation, along with other injurious insects, new species occasionally gain 

 an entrance, and it is to be expected that they will continue to arrive in the 

 future. 



Like the aphids, their common name is generally derived from the jdant 

 infested by them, or at least the one on which they were first discovered or on 

 which thej' are most prevalent; but it nmy also refer to the color or shape or 

 some ])eculiarit.v of the insect. In addition to the sugar-cane )ne^d.v-l)ug 

 alread.N- noted, we have the avocado m('Ml.\-bug.- oreurring on avocado, fig 

 grape, guava, mulberry, soursop, asparagus, etc. ; the iv.v scale,-' the oleander 

 white-scale,-* occurring on oleander, mango, banana and avocado; the avocado 

 scale ° and pineapple scale," occurring also on the Canna. Hibiscus, and a list 

 of such plants. The last speeies ma.v be readily distinguished from the Pine 

 apjile meal.v-bug,'^ which is a larger insect with a soft bod.v that is white all 

 over and is provided with well-developed legs. The cottony guava-scale '^ is 

 found on coffee, citrus fruit, etc.; the black scale'' on sisal and Ceara rubber; 

 the cotton or globular mealy-bug,'" on cotton, grape, citrus fruit, midbeiry 

 and other plants; the citrus or common meal.y-bug," which is one of the com- 

 mon, though by no means the onlv species of the class infesting citrus fruit in 

 the islands. 



Other citrus scales wortli.v of mention ai'c the Florida red-scale,'- wliicli 

 also infests bananas, mangoes and ])alm trees, including the cocoanut ; the 

 green-scale'-' and two or three other sjiecies. The large cottony-scale'"' infests 

 cotfee, mangoes, oranges and ferns. Tiu' Hat black-scale'-'' occurs on the 

 banana, fig, pepper tree and Ceara rubbci-. Tlie hemispherical scale'" and 

 palm mealy-bug'" are species found on tin- palms. Others found on the i)laMts 

 for which the.v are named are the rose scale.'"' the peach scale,'" the pepper- 

 tree scale,-" also found on wild guava; the bamboo scale, -^ the croton scale, -- 

 the \n\ or algaroba scale, -^ the cottony-cushion or fluted scale,-'' on the black 

 wattle. The list might easil.v be extended, but the foregoing will be sufficient 



^ Aspidiotus hedevfe. ' I^ln-tuu-tisiiia /■iii/fiiiir. 



II. « Diiisitiii bromeliiv. ' l\i,-inU:;„;-ii.<i hrniiicHip. " Piihiniiim ii.iidii. 



;•>■,•„,;. „■,„•,■„.« lilnm.'iihiHiix. " l\r,nl„r.,.-,-,l>l HM. 



I III :is,nn}'}ni),is iiniiuUnn. i-f .m'.w/.s rniilis. ^^PulHliaHa mUlllllH'a' . 



'■>,msvWmi jni,nsj,},i-,tirii. ^ ^ I'm' >,, hi, ■■',■-■ lis sp. ^^ Aulacaspts rfhiw. 



'" A iilinasjiis jir,il,i,/,,„ii_ - • A«jiidi',lu.i laiiliniiir. -' A ;<l ,' inln-ii iiiuni miliaris. 



-' Lriddi.Kiililifs iiallidii. ■^■' AsteruWcttniiim ihisIiiIiiiik. -' Irrriia pur,-lia.n. 



