THE ANDIAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 429 



Two species of praying mantes,'"- or mule-killers, belonging to two dif- 

 ferent genera, have been introduced. One, the Australian mantis,'"^ occurs 

 on Kauai; the other, known as the Chinese praying-mantis.i'^-' on Hawaii, where 

 it was tirst taken in 1900. These curious-looking insects, with pious faces and 

 front legs clasped meekly together, are not so pious as they apjiear. They are 

 insect feeders with a desire for food that is seldom satisfied. They are harm- 

 less to man and beast, though the (nu'ious form of their body gives them a 

 formidable and menacing appearance. 



The short-horned grasshoppers ' "•'' or locusts are now represented by two 

 or three introduced species. In these the antennas are shorter than the body, 

 and the ovipositer of the female is made up of four short separate parts. 



The green species with the long, sloping head, suggesting a dunce-cap, 

 which is known as the Australian grasshopper,'"" was accidentally introduced 

 from that country about 1887 and has since become common on Oahu and 

 Kauai, and perhaps other islands. A more typical species with a square 

 head"" was introduced probably from Australia also, and has since become 

 quite common about Honolulu. 



The long-horned green hoppers"'"'* always attract attention by reason of 

 the extreme delicacy and great length of their antenna', which always exceeds 

 the lM)dy in length. 



The common ineadow grasshopper"'-' is well established all over the 

 islands in open pasture land and on mountainsides, and serves as a comuKm 

 type of a group of insects represented by at least thirteen species and four 

 genera. Two of the genera — the one mentioned above and one with a single 

 species,'^" also common on the plains, about rice fields, and the lower moun- 

 tains — are introduced. The other two genera, one with ten species I'l and one 

 with a single species,'"^ ^^q endemic. As the single large, green native species, 

 belonging to the last genus, has only been secured from Olaa, any rare green 

 or brown grasshoppers, with long antenna^ taken elsewhere in the mountains 

 of the group can with safety be referred to the larger genus by the novice. 



The crickets i"3 all differ from both the long-horned and the short-horned 

 grasshoppers in having the wing covers flat above and bent sharply down at 

 the edge of the body, suggesting the lid of a box, instead of meeting in a ridge 

 above the body like a roof. As a rule, the males have a very different appear- 

 ance from the females — a difference so marked that in one instance the sexes 

 were placed in separate genera. There are in Hawaii about forty species of 

 crickets belonging to ten genera. Of that number, three dozen or more are 

 recognized as peculiar to Hawaii, and for the most part confine their range to 

 the native forests on the different islands. Sixteen of the native species are 

 placed in a single genus with a brown mountain cricket i^* as the most widely- 

 distributed, abundant and easily-captured species. They are fond of the wet 



^<'- Mantoidea. ^"^ Orthodera pmsina. ^'* Tenodera finensis. ^"^ Arridiodea. 

 ^'^'^ Atractomorpha crenoHreps. ^^^ Oxya velox. ^'^^ Locttstoidea. ^*^^ Xiphidiuw rnripeniie. 



^~'^ I'limtrn (ippcndirulatn. ^'^ Brachymetopa. ^''^ Conocephaloides hawaiiensis. ^''^ Gryllodea. 

 ^-> I'aratriijonidium pacificum. 



