THE ANLMAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 463 



they are similarly twisted and are attached to stories, coral and shells in much 

 the same way. In early life they are spiral in form and crawl about as free 

 moving animals, but later they become attached and take on various con- 

 torted shapes. While the species are not numerous, their irregular growth, 

 sculpture and coloring render them difficult to characterize, but the general form 

 and appearance may be made out from the figures shown. The ctecum shells ^^ 

 are also represented in the islands by one or two species. They are minute 

 shells which, as adults, are curved cylindrical tubes that are closed at one end 

 bj' a septa. 



The eulimas ^^ are all small, white, polished slender shells in which tlie 

 spire is often curved to one side. Three genera occur here; EuUma is the 

 most important. It includes fifteen of the seventeen species commonly re- 

 ported from Hawaii. Some of the species belonging to the family are known 

 to live in or iipon the sea-cucumber (loli). Eulima major is an inch in length 

 and is one of the larger species found in the islands. 



Pyramid .\xd Sun-Di.\l Shells. 



The pyramid shells ^^ have slender spires of many whorls. The columella 

 lip may have one or several folds. Pyramidella iereliellum is smooth, creamy 

 white, with three or four narrow spiral lines on the body, and two on the spire 

 whorl. Pyramidella sulcata is longitudinally streaked with pale orange-chest- 

 nut, usually forming a series of revolving dots; the columella has three plicated 

 folds. Pyramidella mitralis is whitish clouded and banded with pale brown; 

 is strongly ribbed, usually forming little knobs at the sutures. 



The family Turboncllidw is represented in Hawaii by four small siiecies 

 which resemble the species in the preceding family, except that they are 

 usually more pronounced in their sculpturing and usually have the columella 

 without folds. 



The curious spiral sun-dial shells-'- are easily recognized by their top-like 

 shape and angular aperture and wide and deep umbilicus. Although they 

 resemble Trochus to some extent, they are never pearly in texture. Six species 

 belonging to two genera have been recorded from Hawaii. They are seldom 

 taken in beach specimens, but their beauty of form and color make them 

 especially prized by professional as well as amateur collectors. Solar iinn per- 

 spectiinim has the umbilical erenulations brown; in Solarium cingulum they 

 are white. The genus Torinia differs from the foregoing in some respects, but 

 mainly in having the spire more elevated and the edge of the whorls rounded. 

 Torinia variegata, here shown, occurs occasionally on Oahu. It is reddish- 

 brown, variously marked with white and brown, the margin of the umbilicus 

 crenulated and the center of the umbilical wall with a crenulated mid-rib. 



Violet Sn.vils. 



Shells of the three beautiful species of violet snails '*■'' are often found on 



" Cacidce. *« Eulimida:. *^ PyrttmUlelliilw. *^ Solariidw. " lanthinida. 



