THE ANIMAL LIFE OP THE GROUP. 497 



phylum including the starfish, sea-urchins and sea-cucumbers. A dozen sjiecies 

 of this class -'■' of animals, often known as feather-stars, or when fossilized as 

 stone-lilies, were collected by tlie Albatross. They were placed in eight genera 

 assigned to foiir families of the non-stalked forms. In the hands of Dr. A. H. 

 Clark, the American authority on the crinoids, they all proved to be species 

 heretofore unknown. Although it is thought that the collection secured repre- 

 sents only a small portion of the entire crinoid fauna of the islands, it should 

 be remembered that all of the species were collected from water more than a 

 hundred fathoms deep. The lower range of their distribution about the 

 group, for want of fuller knowledge, is placed at about the one-thousaud- 

 fathom line. Although the species are peculiar to Hawaii, they all belong to 

 wide-ranging genera. 



Sea- Worms. 



The great group of worm-like creatures is at best not an especially attrac- 

 tive one to collectors of animals, and the general naturalist is very liable to 

 pass them by without much attention. Yet there is such a variety of marine 

 forms that make their home on or in the living and dead coral, and in the sand 

 and mud along the shore, that they are at least worthy of passing notice. 



Of the various groups of flat-worms, a division 3" collectively termed Pla- 

 narians is well represented. As they are very curious in form, being broad 

 and tlat, they are usually sufficiently out of the ordinary to attract attention 

 when seen gliding from the under side of some object picked up on the reef. 

 Many of them are brilliantly colored and have an easy, graceful gliding 

 motion, enabling them to move smoothly over the surface of shells, seaweeds 

 or stones. 



The Nemertinea have a superficial resemblance to the flat-worms. They 

 may be recognized by their soft, extensile bodies and their long thread-like 

 proboscis, an organ which can be completely withdrawn within the animal. 

 They are often conspicuously colored and of varying form ; some are fragile, 

 others are very slender and of great length. 



By far the most imj^ortant group on the reef, however, is that which 

 includes the bristle-worms ^' and their allies, all members of the phylum,^- 

 including the common earthworm, the leeches and similar forms. They can 

 be placed in the phylum without much difficulty by the fact that the body is 

 divided into numerous similar parts called segments. 



They occur in various places, some living in canals in the dead coral rock, 



* Crinoidea. ^'^ TurheUiiria. ^^ Pohjcha'ta. ^- A7)ne]ida. 



(Description of Plate Continued from Opposite Page.) 



Tna keokeo {Eclunometra sp.). 6. Aboral view of the shell or test of EcMnometra. 7. Oral 

 view of the same. 8. Rough Rock Urchin [Haukeuke] {Poilophora pedifera). 9. Oral view 

 of the same. 10. Ina liilii (Echinometra sp.). 11. Crab (Simocarciniis sp.). 12. Starfi.sh 

 (not Hawaiian). 13. Oral view of the same. 14. Arm of a Starfish [Pea] {Luidia hystri.r). 

 15. Same as No. 14. 16. Sea-cucumber [Loli]. 17, 18. Brittle Starfish {Phioema sp.). 19. 

 Sand Crab (Ocypode ceratophthalina) , 20, 21. 22, 23, 24. Sea-cucumbers [Loli]. 



