INDEX. 



583 



Rublier, 281 



Assam, 283 



Hawaiian, 283 



Hevea, 283 



India, 245 



Introduction of, 281 



Para, 283 



producing, Euphorbia, 283 



producing trees, 283 

 Runners (Fish), 365 



Long distance, 83 

 Rush=Bullrush, 198 

 Rush Club, 198 

 Russet oranges, cause of, 265 

 Rove beetles, 416, 417 



Sacred banian, 240 



kamani grove (Halawa), 140 



Sacrifice, Human. While sacrifice was an im- 

 portant part of formal worship in old Ha- 

 waii, human sacrifices were offered only on 

 special occasions. It was, however, the su- 

 preme act of ancient worsllip in the import- 

 ant heiaus of the highest class. Such occa- 

 sions as the launching of a war-canoe, the 

 huilding of a house for a chief, the sickness 

 of a king or queen, the securing of a new 

 idol, or the hurial of a chief, called for a 

 human offering to the appropriate gods. The 

 victims were always males and were either 

 taken in war or persons rightly or wrongly 

 accused of violating some of the innumerable 

 tabus. The mode of securing the victim 

 was usually by secret assault, commonly by 

 a blow WMth a club, though other methods 

 were employed. The Mu was the person 

 whose duty it was to secure the required 

 sacrifice. The dead body of the person so 

 slain was dragged to the heiau and laid on 

 the altar [lelej for sacrifii-e. loKethtr willi 

 hogs, dogs and other offi-rinirs — there t«i 

 putrify. It is stated that as matiy as 

 eighty persons were sometimes immolated at 



The last human sacrifice in the islands oc- 

 curred in 1807. Queen Keopuolani was 

 then dangerously ill. The priest asserted that 

 her illness was caused by the gods who were 

 offended b,v certain men eating tabu cocoa- 

 nuts. Eight men were at once seized by 

 the king's orders and offered in the heiau 

 that then stood at the foot of Diamond Head. 



Sacrifice to Pele. The goddess of volcanoes 

 was much feared on Hawaii. When an 

 eruption took place at Kilauea it was the 

 custom to make offerings to her of hogs, etc., 

 which were thrown into the liquid lava. 

 Devout persons sometimes gave the bodies of 

 their relatives to Pele by throwing them into 

 Kilauea that they might join the volcanic 

 deities and in this way befriend the family. 

 The ohelo berries were the usual offering to 

 Pele. 



Saddle oysters, 444 



Sadleria {-irr Palahola) 



Sago palm, 237 



Sailing vessels. Fishing from, 344 



Salangore cane, 273 



Salfemane (■«•'■ Hawaiian igneous rocks) 



Salmon, 378 



Salt, 129 



Effei-t of on cane, 271 

 from Salt Lake, 74 

 Lake crater, 115, 132 

 Lake crater. Age of, 124 



manufacture, 73 



marsh beetles, 418 

 Samang, 242 



Sanctuaries, Hawaiian, 51 

 Sandalwood, 217 



Bastard, 210, 222, 226 



Bastard (see Aaka, (iIko Xaio) 



Beach [Iliahi], 192, 199 



damaged by goats, 221 



Discoverv of, 219 



Odor of,"221 



Red, 203 



roots of used, 221 



uses of, 219 

 Sand beach, 218 

 Sand, Black, 117 



Building, 129 



-burr, 287 



crab, 496 • 



concretions at Diamond Head, 131 



dunes on Maui, 139 



dunes on Oahu, 122, 131 



grass, 90 



hills. How formed, 90 



hopjiers, 409, 468 



island, View on a (Laysnn), 294 



island, Vegetation on a, 90 



Olivine, 129 



Sand pear {Pyrus tUnninf Lindl.) bears aTi apple- 

 like fruit, 2 inches in diameter, with a sandy, 

 tough, flesh, which has a very fine flavor 

 when baked. This ornamental tree is char- 

 acterized by dark green, apple-shaped leaves, 

 pointed at the tip, edged with fine teeth ; 

 the flowers are large and white. Although 

 not common in the islands, the sand near is 

 well established. 



Sand root casts, 118 



Sanderling, 321, 324 



Standstone, 129 

 acolian, 140 



boulder. Erosion of, 136 

 eroded by sea waves, 142 

 Laminated, 140 

 cliffs at Moomumi, 140 



Sandwich Islands, I'osition of (.vrr Ha 

 waiian Islands), 100 



San Francisco, Distance to, in] 

 Route from to Islands, 100 



Sajiodilla, 266 



Sapota iiear, 266 



Sargassum sp. (fig. 15), 498 



Sassafras, 262 



Sausage-like roots of lotus, 285 

 -shaped animals [Loli], 491 



Sausage tree (Eigetia pinnata) is a curiosity 

 wherever grown. It is a large tree with 

 whitish bark and spreading branches, coming 

 originally from Africa. The fruit, rough and 

 green in color, is sometimes two feet in 

 length and hangs from a long stalk. It has 

 a corky rind, filled with pulp and numerous 

 rounded seeds. In Xubia this tree is held 

 sacred, and religious festivals are conducted 

 under it by moonlight. A few trees, doubt- 

 less i'. roduced by Dr. Ilillebrand. may be 

 seen in old gardens: a fine specimen is in 

 the g- lunds at the Queen's Hospital in 

 Honolulu. 



Savaii, center of dispersal, 26 



