242 The Ptarmigan Family 



and Greenland. One brood is raised in a season, 

 the members of which keep together until the 

 following mating season. 



Welch's ptarmigan 



(Z. r. welchi) 



A Newfoundland race, and apparently confined to the mountains of 

 that island. 



Adult tnale, in summer — Entire upper parts, brownish gray, vermic- 

 ulated and spotted with black, some feathers tipped, others 

 barred with white ; front, chin, upper part of throat, cheeks, and 

 back of neck, barred black and white ; tail, blackish brown ; 

 upper part of breast, barred black and white ; lower breast, 

 belly and under tail-coverts, thighs, and tarsi, white ; bill, horn 

 color. Total length, 14 inches; wing, 7^ ; tail, 45 ; tarsus, i\. 



Adult female — Top of head, barred with black and buff; back and 

 sides of head and neck, pale buff, barred and spotted with black ; 

 entire upper parts, mixed buff and black ; primaries and second- 

 aries, white ; tail, dark brown, the feathers edged, and the four 

 median feathers barred and tipped with white ; throat, whitish 

 buff; breast and flanks, pale buff, with broad, irregular bars of 

 black ; lower breast, abdomen, under tail, tail-coverts, legs, and 

 feet, buffy white; bill, pale horn color. Total length, about \2\ 

 inches ; wing, 6| ; tail, about \\. The autumn plumage is 

 grayer, that of winter, white. 



THE WHITE-TAILED PTARMIGAN 

 (Z. leucurus) 



Adult tnale — Top of head, sooty black, feathers tipped with buff ; 

 lores, black; rest of head and neck, barred black and buft"; tips 

 of feathers, whitish ; chin and throat, white, with black spots ; 

 upper parts, grayish buff, barred and vermiculated with black ; 

 breast and flanks, barred and vermiculated with black and 

 brown ; lower breast and belly, legs, and tail, white. Total 

 length, I2| inches; wing, 6|. Female, in size and color like 

 the male. 



