255 
The influence of the date of sowing and its relation to sunshine 
and frost is fully shown in the table for Montsouris, which gives the 
sum total of actinometric degrees from the time of germination to 
maturity for seeds sown on successive weeks in 1879, 1880, and 1881, 
and harvested in 1880, 1881, and 1882: 
Total sun- Total sun- 
shine from shine from 
Date of sowing. Feat Date of sowing. Fe ae 
(actinomet- (actinomet- 
ric degrees). ric degrees). 
ee Ee EN 
1879. 1880 
eto per lessee ema ceete 5,011. |) November 24-2 222_ =... 23-22 6,393 
WCLO WONG ras aoe ees at pees hee eee 5al44: | December We 255 a ee 6,461 
Wet hebrew ee. = teen eee ee SeOvsa | December = see 8 eae eee 6,529 
(WCCODGI ee seen = as tas ane moses Pd,514)\Mecemiber Ibses 2. st es.. eae eens 6, 611 
TANG SK CEN) OT eee Deol |MOOCOMDOIiee C5 saae ass oe teen. eee 6,504 
INGVeMmper Oia. 24 0s25 252 5sp96||, December 20e:s-2.5- = sas - ee 6, 245 
Niowemiberdb-. . 2.2. 2-2--25--5-5-22- 5,569 1881 
INOVGIMUDOI 2222-22 <—---- s=nscn- === January Dost ee... oe! | 
1880. - (2) JaTuuseiyg lee aa ee ee (f) 
HERS ty Osan e hee eos eee SO JANUALY LOSS Sess ss ke See 
TRS Orne? 1S ee ae ee eee e622 lh Seale ye eose ts Ae otek eee ee cee | 6, 245 
Re pruanyiesise-sesaso-5-- 6525-28] S59 (| MMOD EUAT yi se ee ae reer 6,018 
Rene ae ei 558i ||) February 9: -...--.-.-.--<..-22 2... | 6,047 
(0) Nebruaty 16) 2 22-2 oe cee 6,043 
Septem bemey Ch 2x2 5-2-4 25223 | NOT O} | |Mebruainy 25 soe sates peace 6, 037 
WetobemGce esa ae ee a | 62052, ||pMarchiO ee Ses seers ee ese 6, 037 
(CGH AGG See Sia aaa | Grll7, lt March Occ. 3. Se 5, 57 
Ocho bere Ges Sok es eer a ie GF09F || Piiare hid Gee sees oe 2 ee 5, 286 
Wcloperigid =-sess ao te The Ge Soll Mian cai 23 erie sae tae eer seem 5,271 
Movember $2.2... c.----- G2 90d) | Marehg0) sso o.-ce ee ese 5,215 
November (222-22 .. 2222 s2-2-- 632045 PAprili Gece yas ce els ee 5, 144 
November ly. --. 2-2. =-.- se ossSnsce 6,343 
a See note 2 in text. 
e See note 3 in text. 
f Frozen ground prevented sowing. 
a¥Frozen soil prevented sowing. 
oNo sowing during this interval. 
¢ See note | in text. 
Aniong other conclusions that may be drawn from these figures are 
the following, most of which are also given by Marié-Davy: 
1. The season 1880-81 was characterized by much sunshine and 
little rain, which hastened the ripening, but delayed the flow of sap, 
-and therefore of nourishment to the grain, so that the crop was rather 
poor. 
2. For the crops of fall wheat the sunshine increased more and more 
us the seed was sown later from September, 1880, even to the end of 
December; then it began to diminish, and for the spring wheat, sown 
in March, 1881, it was too small. 
3. By considering other. weather records it is evident that the 
freezing of the ground in January, 1881, not only prevented the sow- 
ing of the seed, as noted in our table, but prevented the germination 
of the seeds sown on December 22 and 29, 1880, which would other- 
wise have sprouted on February 4 and 19, 1881, respectively. 
