259 
phenological periols and of other accompanying circumstances. 
Thus in 1877, with a low mean temperature and a high radiation 
during maturity, and in 1879, with a low temperature and a low 
radiation during the last phase, both alike gave a poor crop, but the 
sunshine of 1877 was able to make a large quantity of sugar as 
compared with the small quantity of sugar in 1879. 
Sugar beets.—Marié-Davy (1882) and Pagnoul (1879) give the 
data of a research into the relation of climate to the development of 
sugar beet as cultivated at Arras, the agricultural station of the 
Department of Pas de Calais. The following table gives the results 
of meteorological observations and chemical analyses of sample beets 
taken up every ten days during the season. The beets were sown 
April 5, 1879, averaging six plants to the square meter. They were of 
a poor variety, but of the kind ordinarily planted in that section; 
they were of a rosy color, and were planted a great distance apart in 
order that they might grow more rapidly. 
During the decade. At end of decade. 
| Total Average | | 
ee) Le radia- | weightof— | 
ca ee eat ota oo) | 
Decade ending (sum of |sunshine] (sum of | eer: Weight | Weight 
1879. Total | mean | (daily daily ‘a aes of sugar | of sugar 
rain. daily |average |} actino- | rey y| per 100 per 
| shade | of clear | metric | Root. | Leaves.) smige beets. | hectare. 
‘ttempera-| sky). | degrees ICE: 
tures). at Mont- | 
souris). 
| Beau- 
mm. SiGe Per cent.| ° Actin. | Kilos. | Kilos.| mé. | Kilos. cilos. 
fre baveyt i Lae es ee 33 156 41 393 1 8 | 2.9 3.08 2 
ie bars yy) Dae ss Se 37 162 30 479 | 7 41 2.8 2.138 9 
play le fae S22 18 159 31 444 Blis|) sysh10y| 238 5.18 %6 
Ub yalill=eeee ss 56 | 138 16 399 105 | 222 | 3.5 | 5. 38 339 
galysOly ss s222s< 59 165 26 320 220°)" 383 | 3.2 | 5.88 776 
euliye ll tps Me eee ee 26 | 158 28 378 346 | 462 3.9 | 6.85 1, 422 
August 10__.-__.- 8 | 179 31 416 486 452 | 4.0 | 6.5 1,848 
August 20__..<_- 24 | 182 43 361 666 | 433 4.2] 7.69 3,073 
ATIOUST S0e s==- 2 - 18 | Vi7 36 373 77 335 4.1 | (ete || 3, 534 
September 9_____ 4 | 159 56 385 878 312 4.4 | 8. 20 4,320 
September 19 ___- 27 165 34 326 | 1,040 200 4.3 | 7.46 | 4, 655 
September 29 ____ 10 | 131 49 251} 1,048) 126) 4.1 7.46 | 4,691 
October 9. =e (3) 129 25 334. 1,048 194 } 4.4 8.06 | 5,068 
October 19 _.__.--. 18 95 12 | 161 1,056 98 4.1 7.46 | 4,727 
October 29 ___...-. 23 87 26 | ~144 | 1,050 128 4.5 7.94. | 5, 002 
} | | 
The influence of sunshine is to be found by studying the fourth col- 
umn of the sum total of daily average cloudiness at Arras, as result- 
ing from twelve daily observations of the amount of cloudiness. The 
clearness of the sky, as given in the fourth column in percentages, is 
