357 
The following table, from the Agricultural Report for 1882 (p. 
636), gives the proportion of winter wheat that was drilled and 
broadcasted in the autumn and winter of 1881 and 1882 for each 
State: 
State. Drilled. | Broad- State. Drillea. | Broad- 
Per cent.| Per cent. Per cent.| Per cent. 
Connecticut}=2--- === ----=-- 5 95 || Louisiana, _--.-..------------ 1 99 
ING Wa OMKesee een eee 52 48 | Mi Mcp: (sp eae bee  , Sea es 11 89 
ING Wid CTSCYj--5- 252 J22224.2-- 56 Ad | WArKAN Gas 2 22465125 seas sae. 2 98 
Pennsylvamnial =. --=---5 -====- 70 Sil) ||| Merete SSC) octane 15 85 
[DEVE cb gfe ee eee 75 Con | WieSb) Vialeinia) 2222 see s—5 one 40 60 
Marylandin.s525 2210" ec Lk 63 3 || Mentucky, 7222222222222 sto 31 69 
Walneeaminie. se see) sono is oe le 30 TO | WOMG =e = Pek ee See eee 78 22 
North Carolina --_.----------- 8 2A Michiganee esses ese 52 48 
South Caroling --2222-—-----= 1 OR Min dianaes--. ss seeea aaa ae 81 19 
Gieorgial 3.2221 (221) 224-5 - 232 2 OSU ETN OLS Fa a SP eae ee 71 29 
Allaba may -222cete2 se tse ese 6 94 | IMGSSopurite = 22225 ee eee 58 42 
IMUSSISSIP Dla -ce 4-2 | 1 GON KanSagh: aso. so See Saas ae ee 73 27 
| I 
As it has not been practicable to obtain data that will accurately 
present the effect on the crop of the diverse features of cultivation 
that are independent of climate, I give, in addition to the preceding, 
the following general statements bearing on the annual crop statistics 
kindly communicated by Mr. J. R. Dodge, Statistician to the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. Relative to the seeding and the stand of the 
crop and other matters, he says: 
The practice varies with the kinds of corn. The small northern 
corn is planted closer than the larger more southern varieties. In 
the South corn is given greater distances than in the West. It grows 
larger there and makes more stalk growth and fewer ears. Only 
one or two stalks are planted in the hill there, while two or three in 
the middle, and three and even four in the extreme northern latitudes, 
are sometimes left in the hill. We have allowed one-third of a bushel 
per acre. 
The individual differences in yield per acre in the States of 
highest, as well as of the lowest yield, are far greater than the dif- 
ferences in these State averages, as produced by differences in soil, in 
the effects of the various vicissitudes on different soils, in fertility or 
lack of it, in thoroughness of cultivation. 
In the extreme West, beyond the Mississippi, where land is plenty 
and labor scarce, the cultivation is reduced to the minimum. Satis- 
factory results are now produced in southern Iowa in winter-wheat 
growing by simply “cultivating” between corn rows and sowing 
wheat at a labor expense of 60 cents per acre. The rough surface is 
favorable for exemption from winter killing, and some records of 
experiment show an increase of 25 per cent in yield over planting 
after clover on a smooth surface. This is so notwithstanding the 
clover soil might be expected to have something hke as great an 
advantage in real fertility over the soil that had grown a crop of 
maize. The corn exhausts, the clover enriches, and still the yield is 
