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GENUS PIPILO — VIEILL. 



GROUND FINCH. 



[Bill short, stout, conical, compressed towards the end, slightly notched — 

 bristles at the base, narrower than the head ; head ovate, neck short, body 

 rather full ; wings of moderate length, rounded ; feet stout, toes rather long — 

 tarsi longer than the nriiddle toes,] 



PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS— LINN. 



TOWHE GROUND FINCH, OR TOWHE BUNTING. 



Towhe Bunting, Emberjza erythrophthalma, Wils. Amcr. Orn. 

 Fringilla erythrophthalma, Bonap. Syn. 



Ground Robin, or Towhe Finch, Fringilla erothrophthalma, Nutt. Man. 

 Towhc Punting, Fringilla erythrophthalma, And. Orn. Biog. 



Specific Character — Sides of the body and lower tail coverts red- 

 dish-brown ; terminal portion of the outer three tail featlfers, and a 

 band about midway the primaries on their outer webs, white. 

 Adult with the head, neck all round, upper portion of the breast, 

 and upper parts black ; a spot of white on the outer webs of the 

 primaries toward their bases ; a large patch of white on the outer 

 tail feathers, diminishing on the second and third ; the rest plain 

 black; sides of the body reddish-brown, lower tail coverts much 

 paler ; rest of the lower parts white. Young with the upper parts 

 dull reddish-brown, streaked with brownish-black ; lower part? 

 yellowish-gray, streaked on the fore neck, fore part of the breast, 

 and sides, with dusky ; abdomen yellowish-white ; wings and tail 

 the same as the adult. Length of adult eight inches and a half, 

 wing three and three-pighths. 



This common bird is familiarly known by the appellations of 

 « Ground Robjn," " Swamp Robin," and " Chewink." 



