BUFFALOES 417 



measured ig}i inches in basal length by gj/s inches in 

 zygomatic breadth. It was, however, the smallest-horned 

 individual of the three males shot in this herd, the horns 

 having a maximum spread of only 40 inches, with a length 

 along the inside curve of 27 inches. The largest-skulled 

 specimen in the collection is one shot by Kermit Roosevelt 

 on the Northern Guaso Nyiro, having a basal length of 

 20>^ inches, with a zygomatic breadth of 9^ inches. The 

 horns of a bull shot by Paul J. Rainey near the same 

 river exceed in spread those of any other examined. The 

 dimensions of this pair are: maximum spread, 443^ inches; 

 length of horn on inside curve, 34 inches; width of palm, 

 measured by calipers, straight and not over the curve, 

 SJ4, inches. The flesh measurements of an adult cow 

 shot at Kamiti by Colonel Roosevelt are: head and body, 

 92 inches; tail, 28 inches; hind foot, 23^ inches; ear, io>^ 

 inches. Length of skull, 19 inches; zygomatic width, 8^ 

 inches. Horns: maximum spread, 36 inches; length on 

 inside curve, 23 inches; width of palm, straight, 5^ inches. 

 The record buffalo of all Africa is a representative of this 

 race and was obtained near the type locality in Ankole by 

 District Commissioner Knowles. The horn dimensions of 

 this specimen are: greatest spread, 52^ inches; length on 

 inside curve, 48^ inches; width of palm on curve of face, 

 1 1 3/^ inches. 



The East African buff^alo is found throughout all the 

 well-watered parts of the country and as far northward in 

 the desert as the streams or water will allow. The Tana 

 River marks its northern boundary in the coast drainage. 

 North of Mount Kenia the buffalo follows down the Northern 

 Guaso Nyiro far into the desert, and occurs also north of the 

 river in isolated herds on the forested summits of Mount 

 Uaragess and the Mathew Range, reaching its northern 

 desert limits on the peak of Mount Nyiro, at the south end of 

 Lake Rudolf. From Mount Elgon the range extends north- 

 ward on the high plateaux as far as the Mount Agora district, 

 east of Nimule, at which latitude the adjacent lowlands 

 are occupied by the Nile buffalo. Upon the slopes of Mount 

 Kenia the buffalo ascends to the limits of the forest and 

 occasionally strays over the tundra-like moorland of the 

 alpine zone to the permanent snow-fields. A mummified 



