ANTIQUITIES. 



417 



day, and that about the ninth hour 

 of Italy, (three o'clock with us) is 

 kept up by many of the Italians : 

 and during the month of May it is 

 common to see shepherds dressed as 

 in ancient times like Pan, Satyrs, 

 &c I do not, however, mean to 

 infer from what I have said, that 

 modem Italians equal the ancients 

 it! works of art; for, in this re- 

 spect, there seems as much differ- 

 ence between the present race and 

 their forefathers, as there was be- 

 tween the ancient Romans and 

 their teachers^ the Greeks. 



Not more than from forty to fifty 

 skeletons have yet been found in 

 Pompeii — one third of the town 

 only, however, is yet uncovered ; 

 but the excavations are j;oin<j on 

 daily; and a ne^y street, with a 

 noble portico, has very lately been 

 laid open. 



Particulars concerningTobacco, di- 

 gested in a chronological Order; 

 from Professor Beckmann's In- 

 troduction to Technology. 



IN 1496, Romanus Pane, a Spa- 

 nish monk, whom Columbus, on 

 his second departure from America, 

 had left in that country, published 

 the first account of tobacco, with 

 ■which he became acquainted in St. 

 Domingo. He gave it the names 

 of Cohoba, Cohobba, Gioia. 



In 1535, the negroes had already 

 habituated themselves to the use of 

 tobacco, and cultivated it in the 

 plantations of their masters. Eu- 

 ropeans likewise already smoked it. 



In 1559, Jean Nicot, envoy 

 from France at the court of Portu- 

 gal, first transmitted thence to Paris, 

 to queen Catharine de Medicis, 

 seed of the tobacco plant. And 



Vol. XLII. 



from this circumstance it acquired 

 the name Nicotiana. When to- 

 bacco began to be used in France 

 it was called " Herbe du Grand 

 Prieiir," fromthe then grand prior, 

 of the house of Lorraine, who was 

 very fond of it. It was likewise 

 once known by the name of "Herbe 

 de St. Cmj," after cardinal Prosper 

 St. Croix, who, on his return from 

 Portugal, where he had been nun- 

 cio from the pope, introduced 

 into Italy the custom of using to- 

 bacco. 



In 1 565, Conrad Gesner became 

 acquainted with tobacco. At that 

 time several botanists already cul- 

 tivated the plant in their gardens. 



In 1570, they still smoked in 

 Holland out of conical tubes com- 

 posed of palm leaves plaited to- 

 gether. 



In 1575, first appeared a figure 

 of the plant, in Andre Thevet's 

 " Cosmographie." 



1585, The English first saw 

 pipes made of clay among the na- 

 tive Indians of Virginia, which 

 was at that time discovered by 

 Richard Grensdlle. It appears, 

 likewise, that the English soon after 

 fabricated the first clay tobacco- 

 pipes in Europe. 



In the besinnlntj of the seven- 

 teenth century they began to culti- 

 vate tobacco in the East Indies. '" 



In 1 604, James the first of Eng- 

 land endeavoured, by means of 

 heavy imposts, to abolish the use of 

 tobacco, which he held to be a 

 noxious weed. 



In 1610, the smoking of tobacco 

 was known at Constantinople. To 

 render the custom ridiculous, a 

 Turk, who had been found smok- 

 ing, was conducted about the streets 

 with a pipe transfixed through his 

 nose. For a long time after,' the 



Ee 



