22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 
occupation in the Philippine Islands. A large number of German 
stamps also were received. 
EXPLORATIONS AND RESEARCH 
Although field explorations for the year were concerned principally 
with the conduct of the war, important research. was accomplished 
along many other collateral lines. 
Anthropology.—During his assignment as teacher of anatomy to 
Army and Navy medical students at Washington University School 
of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., studies were carried on by the curator, 
Dr. T. Dale Stewart, on age and sex changes in the human skeleton. 
This was possible because the skeletal collections preserved in the 
university’s department of anatomy were obtained from the dis- 
secting rooms and therefore were accurately identified. During the 
course of this work Dr. Stewart took the opportunity also of studying 
arthritic changes in the skeleton. Since arthritis is closely correlated 
with age, it was hoped that the university’s identified material would 
aid in the interpretation of the condition in the groups in the Museum 
collections where exact age is unknown. In addition to his work at 
the university, Dr. Stewart spent some time in studying Indian skele- 
tons excavated in Illinois by Dr. P. F. Titterington, a St. Louis physi- 
cian. Two cultural horizons are represented by these Indian re- 
mains, the Hopewell and the Jersey County bluff focus of the Middle 
Mississippi. 
Up to the time of his death on September 5, Dr. Ale’ Hrdlicka 
continued the work of analyzing his data on the human tibia. The 
year also saw the publication by the Museum of the seventh and 
last part of Dr. Hrdlitka’s “Catalog of Human Crania in the United 
States National Museum Collections,” a work on which he had been 
engaged for many years. The final part covers the non-Eskimo 
people of the Northwest Coast, Alaska, and Siberia and includes 
measurements of all skulls of this provenience deposited in the Na- 
tional Museum as well as of many supplementary ones in various 
Russian institutions. The entire series of catalogs presents measure- 
ments of more than 7,500 non-White crania and has been described 
as constituting “one of the most valuable sources of basic anthropo- 
metric data in existence.” 
Biology.—Under the auspices of the Division of Cultural Relations 
of the Department of State, Ellsworth P. Killip, associate curator of 
plants, visited Colombia during April, May, and June for consulta- 
tions and work in botanical centers in Bogoté and Cali. In working 
over the Museum’s South American material, which includes large 
recent collections of plants, as well as a considerable accumulation of 
