INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE—SARNOFF 187 
would have to be greatly extended. Aristotle argued that the best 
of states might well outgrow geographical boundaries with popula- 
tions reaching such size that well-ordered and efficient government 
could not function. He said that a democratic government required 
that the citizens keep in touch with one another; that their leaders 
know each other and that they study at first hand their common poli- 
tical problems and the policies necessary to meet them. But Aristotle 
warned that it would be impossible to accomplish this in the overgrown 
state, “for who could be the leader of the people in such a State, or 
who the town-crier, unless he have the voice of a Stentor?” It 
would seem that Aristotle even forecast the need for television, be- 
cause he believed that the people needed to see their leaders, as well 
as hear them at long range. 
Two thousand years later we have seen this come to pass, for science 
has provided government and its leaders with radio. The entire Na- 
tion has become an open forum. The leader of the modern state is 
heard at one time by more people than Aristotle and Socrates reached 
in their life time. Electricity has made the microphone the voice of 
the Stentor; our leaders talk to the people, and at the same instant 
they are heard around the world. 
We of this generation have seen men of evil intent stopped by the 
very tools of science they perverted ruthlessly to extend their power. 
We have watched science halt the tyrant and dictator as the stentorian 
voice of the United Nations cried out in defense of freedom, democracy, 
and justice. 
When this war ends, we shall be on the threshold of a new era 
in radio—an era in which man will see, as well as hear, distant events. 
The first two decades of the century belonged to wireless telegraphy. 
The second two decades featured sound broadcasting; the third two 
decades promise television. It is not too bold to predict that the fourth 
two decades will introduce international television with pictures in 
color. 
It is even possible that in the two final decades, we may complete 
the century with power transmission by radio, and its use in the 
operation of vehicles, automobiles, ships, railroads, and airplanes. 
When completed, the story of these first hundred years of radio will 
make fascinating reading. Even a Jules Verne could not tell us all 
that lies ahead in this magic realm of radio-electronics. 
The science of radio is no longer confined to communications. 
Among revolutionary accomplishments in other lines, we have the 
electron microscope, one of the most important new scientific tools of 
the twentieth century. Developed in RCA Laboratories, and based 
upon television techniques, this instrument has a high wartime prior- 
ity rating for use in scientific, medical, and industrial research. For 
