NEW MICROSCOPES—SEIDEL AND WINTER 211 
that the culture no longer responded to peptone medium, growing now 
only in the protein medium. When again, within 24 hours, the culture 
was passed through a filter—the finest Berkefeld “W” filter, a drop 
of the filtrate was once more added to 6 cc. of K Medium and incubated 
at 37° C., a period of 3 days elapsing before the culture was transferred 
to K Medium and yet another 3 days before a new culture was pre- 
pared. Then, viewed under an ordinary microscope, these cultures 
were observed to be turbid and to reveal no bacilli whatsoever. When 
viewed by means of dark-field illumination and oil-immersion lens, 
however, the presence of small, actively motile granules was estab- 
lished, although nothing at all of their individual structure could be 
ascertained. Another period of 4 days was allowed to elapse before 
these cultures were transferred to K Medium and incubated at 37° C. 
for 24 hours when they were then examined under the Rife microscope 
where, as was mentioned earlier, the filterable typhoid bacilli, emitting 
a blue spectrum, caused the plane of polarization to be deviated plus 
4.8°. Then when the opposite angle of refraction was obtained by 
means of adjusting the polarizing prisms to minus 4.8° and the cultures 
illuminated by a monochromatic beam coordinated in frequency with 
the chemical constituents of the typhoid bacillus, small, oval, actively 
motile, bright turquoise-blue bodies were observed at a magnification 
of 5,000 diameters, in high contrast to the colorless and motionless 
debris of the medium. These observations were repeated eight times, 
the complete absence of these bodies in uninoculated control K Media 
also being noted. 
To further confirm their findings, Drs. Rife and Kendall next 
examined 18-hour-old cultures which had been inoculated into K 
Medium and incubated at 37° C., since it is just at this stage of growth 
in this medium and at this temperature that the cultures become 
filterable. And, just as had been anticipated, ordinary dark-field ex- 
amination revealed unchanged, long, actively motile bacilli; bacilli 
having granules within their substance; and free-swimming, actively 
motile granules; while under the Rife microscope were demonstrated 
the same long, unchanged, almost colorless bacilli; bacilli, practically 
colorless, inside and at one end of which was a turquoise-blue granule 
resembling the filterable forms of the typhoid bacillus; and free-swim- 
ming, small, oval, actively motile, turquoise-blue granules. By trans- 
planting the cultures of the filter-passing organisms or virus into a 
broth, they were seen to change over again into their original rodlike 
forms. 
At the same time that these findings of Drs. Rife and Kendall were 
confirmed by Dr. Edward C. Rosenow, of the Mayo Foundation, the 
magnification with accompanying resolution of 8,000 diameters of the 
Rife microscope, operated by Dr. Rife, was checked against a dark- 
