212 § ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 
field oil-immersion scope operated by Dr. Kendall and an ordinary 
2-mm. oil-immersion objective, X 10 ocular, Zeiss scope operated by 
Dr. Rosenow at a magnification of 900 diameters. Examinations of 
gram- and safranin-stained films of cultures of Bacillus typhosus, 
gram- and safranin-stained films of cultures of the streptococcus from 
poliomyelitis, and stained films of blood and of the sediment of the 
spinal fluid from a case of acute poliomyelitis were made with the 
result that bacilli, streptococci, erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear 
leukocytes, and lymphocytes measuring nine times the diameter of the 
same specimens observed under the Zeiss scope at a magnification and 
resolution of 900 diameters, were revealed with unusual clarity. Seen 
under the dark-field microscope were moving bodies presumed to be 
the filterable turquoise-blue bodies of the typhoid bacillus which, as 
Dr. Rosenow has declared in his report (Observations on filter-passing 
forms of Eberthella typhi—Bacillus typhosus—and of the streptococ- 
cus from poliomyelitis, Proc. Staff Meetings Mayo Clinic, July 13, 
1932), were so “unmistakably demonstrated” with the Rife microscope, 
while under the Zeiss scope stained and hanging-drop preparations of 
clouded filtrate cultures were found to be uniformly negative. With 
the Rife microscope also were demonstrated brownish-gray cocci and 
diplococci in hanging-drop preparations of the filtrates of strepto- 
coccus from poliomyelitis. These cocci and diplococci, similar in size 
and shape to those seen in the cultures although of more uniform in- 
tensity, and characteristic of the medium in which they had been 
cultivated, were surrounded by a clear halo about twice the width of 
that at the margins of the debris and of the Bacillus typhosus. Stained 
films of filtrates and filtrate sediments examined under the Zeiss micro- 
scope, and hanging-drop, dark-field preparations revealed no organ- 
isms, however. Brownish-gray cocci and diplococci of the exact same 
size and density as those observed in the filtrates of the streptococcus 
cultures were also revealed in hanging-drop preparations of the virus 
of poliomyelitis under the Rife microscope, while no organisms at all 
could be seen in either the stained films of filtrates and filtrate sedi- 
ments examined with the Zeiss scope or in hanging-drop prepara- 
tions examined by means of the dark-field. Again using the Rife 
microscope at a magnification of 8,000 diameters, numerous nonmotile 
cocci and diplococci of a bright-to-pale pink in color were seen in 
hanging-drop preparations of filtrates of Herpes encephalitic virus. 
Although these were observed to be comparatively smaller than the 
cocci and diplococci of the streptococcus and poliomyelitic viruses, 
they were shown to be of fairly even density, size, and form and sur- 
rounded by ahalo. Again, both the dark-field and Zeiss scopes failed to 
reveal any organisms, and none of the three microscopes disclosed the 
