GRASSLAND AND FARMLAND—SMITH 379 
Nazi. He softened up prospective victims by propaganda, got infor- 
mation by spies, and attacked because he thought he could win. De- 
tails of his equipment and effective methods stand in reference books 
for those who wish to read them. 
These Mongols conquered cities but camped without, in tents, as 
nomad warriors should. As he walked through a gutted Russian 
city a Mongol warrior kicked a bag of gold coins out of the way, re- 
marking as he walked on, “a heap of good it did him.” 
Ws; 
os 
SSS 
Figure 15.—Arrows show the trail of the Ottoman Turks out of Central Asia 
into Iran and Anatolia. Shaded area is Ottoman empire at its peak, 1683. 
V=Vienna. T=Tours, the highwater mark of Islam in western Europe, A. D. 
732. 
It is said that Genghis’ generals urged him to cleanse North China 
by massacring the millions of agricultural human vermin who in- 
habited it. Genghis said “No,” but his successor slaughtered the 
entire population of Baghdad, perhaps some 700,000 in number. 
If Russia has been somewhat backward in comparison to some other 
European countries in recent generations, we should remember its 
complete submergence beneath the Mongol horde nearly a thousand 
years after the Roman Empire had its somewhat similar but less 
