412 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 
noted on some of the Sandia type 2 points. There may be no relation- 
ship between the two forms, but it is interesting to note that the Sandia 
type 2 point found near Abilene apparently belongs in the same hori- 
zon as the Abilene type. In the deposits above occur a variety of 
implements and a sequence of point types that are considered compo- 
nents of a single complex, one that has been named the Clear Fork 
(Ray, 1938; Roberts, 1940, pp. 74-76). The upper strata produce 
artifacts attributable to the Texas Indians of late pre-Columbian 
times. 
The implements of the Abilene Complex are found in the top and 
_along the deeply weathered surface of an old soil or gumbo profile 
and in the bottom of an overlying series of silts laid down by wide- 
spread, successive, slack-water sheet floods. The Clear Fork Com- 
plex, beginning above the Abilene horizon, occurs in these same silts 
and shows progression from level to level toward the surface. The 
gumbo profile has been identified as Pleistocene. The first tentative 
conclusions were that it possibly correlated with the Illinoian glacial 
substage (Leighton, 1936), but subsequent evidence suggests that it 
was more likely mid-Wisconsin or even later in the period. The lower 
strata in the silts are regarded as belonging to the end of the Wiscon- 
sin substage and grading into the beginning of the Recent, whereas 
the higher levels are definitely Recent. Abilene and fluted points of 
the generalized type occur in the same horizon, and the smaller, 
better-made Folsom projectiles are found in association with older 
forms of the Clear Fork Complex. In addition, fossil mammoth, ex- 
tinct bison, other vertebrates, and Mollusca remains—generally con- 
sidered as representing a Pleistocene fauna—come from the same 
levels. Hence it seems that in this area there is further evidence for 
a late Pleistocene or possibly slightly earlier occupation. 
Various archeological finds of greater or less significance relating 
to this general problem have been made in other parts of Texas, in 
Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, northern California, 
Minnesota, parts of Canada, and Alaska (Roberts, 1940; Sellards, 
1940), but space limitations prevent their consideration. In the main 
they tend to corroborate the evidence from the discoveries already 
discussed. 
NORTH AMERICAN SKELETAL MATERIAL 
Human skeletal material from the older horizons is relatively rare, 
and the information furnished by it is not as satisfactory as that 
from the cultural objects. This is in large part attributable to the 
fact that antiquity must be determined by the geologic age of the 
strata in which the skeletal remains occur rather than by the morpho- 
logical and metrical features of the bones themselves. Associated 
. So 
i 
