123 



of a deep red sharply separated from the surrounding area ; some- 

 times also on the upperside the spots coalesce in pairs. 



The divergences from A. jilipendula:. are, (1) Underside of fore- 

 wings. (2) Shape of forewings. (3) The hindwing is more pointed, 

 inner margin more curved, and the outer margin is quite different. 



III. The hippocrepidis of Boisduval. 



Boiscluval, in 1829, "Essai sur une Monographie des Zygenides," 

 p. 76, redescribed the species, which Ochsenheimer had introduced, 

 as follows : — 



" Alis anticis atro-co^ruleis aut virescentibus, maculis sex cinna- 

 barinis, subtus omnino confluentibus ; posticis rubris, margine 

 cyaneo ; antennis clavatis, apice albis ; abdomine baud cingulato." 

 i.e. Forewings blue-black or greenish, with six cinnabar spots, run 

 altogether on the underside ; hindwings red, with bluish margin ; 

 antennae clubbed with white tips ; abdomen not banded. 



It is one- third smaller than tilipendulic. Its red spots have a 

 distinctive shade (miniacee). The latest authority on the genus, 

 Clemens Dziursynski, in " Berl. Ent. Zeit.," vol. liii., p. 35, gives 

 it as a form of A. transalpina, but his coloured figure, plate i., fig. 

 10, does not show white tips to the antennae nor is the hind margin 

 of the hindwings so delicate. —A. tranmlpina var. uccidentalis, 

 Oberth. [A. /njtpocrepidis-occklentalis, Oberth., = hippocrepidis, 

 Bdv.) 



IV. The hippocrepidis of Herrich-Schaffer. 



" Schmett. Europ.," vol. ii., page 41 (1845). 



The following is the diagnosis of hip/iocrepidis (H.S.) : — 

 " Maculis cinnabarino-miniaceis, subtus in discum magnum 

 conjunctis." 



The substance of Herrich-Sch^iffer's remarks is as follows : — 

 The red is near the colour of red-lead ; on the underside of the 

 forewing it is very indented, dense, and sharply defined, and the six 

 spots are never separately defined ; the forewing is much bellied on 

 the inner margin, especially in the male, their apex somewhat 

 sharper than in A. filipendiilic ; forewing often bluish ; always six 

 spots; the middle pair most obliquely-situated towards one another 

 very rarely united, usually of equal size, the lower one somewhat 

 higher than wide, slightly angled; the two outermost almost always 

 of equal size, more often united ; that towards the hind margin 

 larger and more remote from the anal angle than in the other 

 species, that towards the costa often higher than broad ; below the 



