1990.] INSECTS OF THE “SKEAT EXPEDILION,” 539 
of no great height about 25 miles from the coast; it is the Siamese 
headquarters of the State. At Biserat we obtained a very large 
number of specimens, including probably more individuals and 
species than did the rest of our land collections ; but very few of 
the species were highly specialized. Every sort of environment is 
to be found near a place like Biserat : swamp, lawn, orchard, open 
wood, cave, river, and even jungle on the hills, but not jungle of 
the densest. The animals in such a locality have no need to adapt 
themselves to any very limited environment, they can choose what 
environment they will, In the deep jungle, on the other hand, 
though few animals of any sort are seen on the ground, the fiercest 
struggle for existence rages among the upper foliage and also in 
the rotten wood underfoot—though there the termites, as a rule, 
far outstrip all competitors ; while, even in the clearings, the space 
and the food-supply is so limited that every animal must make the 
best use of its natural advantages or else disappear. Though the 
clearings are of recent formation, due to man, who has become no 
longer a savage, yet the struggle which goss on in them seems 
already to have led in many cases to extreme modifications in habit 
and structure. We can only suppose that this struggle commenced 
long ago in places such as sand-spits running out into the rivers, 
where vegetation was necessarily scanty, owing to poverty of soil 
or constant change of conJitions. 
Il. Frowgr-Ltike MaANTID ®. 
Hymenopus bicornis (pupa). 
Colour.— Head: very pale grey, almost white. Eyes of same 
shade, but with a slightly darker longitudinal stripe running down 
the centre of each. Leaf-like process between the eyes white, 
with median vein of pale green. Antenne black. 
Thorax: prothorax pale pink, with a tendency towards mauve ; 
shading off posteriorly to white, and finally bounded by a bold 
transverse bar of deep sage-green. The posterior region of the 
thorax, which was usually concealed by the upturned abdomen, was 
pearl-white, as were also the rudimentary wings. 
Abdomen: ventral surface pale pink. Dorsal surface pale pink, 
with 5 longitudinal dotted stripes of deep yellow-brown. Near 
the junction with the thorax were several irregular transverse bars 
of the same colour, but slightly darker. At the extreme tip of the 
abdomen, surrounding the anus, was a very conspicuous dark patch, 
almost black. 
Limbs: 1st pair pale translucent pink. 2nd and 3rd pairs pink 
of a deeper shade, with a more marked tendency towards mauve. 
The distal joints were horn-coloured and almost transparent. At 
the inner edge of the broad petal-like expansions on the femur of 
the 2nd and 3rd pairs, more conspicuous on the 3rd than on the 
2nd, was a slightly livid, bruise-like mark, such as one sees on 
flowers that have been battered by tropical rain. 
The whole surface of the trunk and that of the flattened 
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