268 MR. R. SHELFORD ON MIMETIC INSECTS AND | Nov. 4 
and the Hispid Gonophora wallacei are much alike in their 
general appearance ; and so too are the Lycids Cautires excellens 
and Metriorrhynchus acutangulus, the Elaters Agonischius pecto- 
ralis and A. (%) sanguineipennis, the Longicorns Nyaste fumosa 
and X. invida, and a Reduviid bug. 
The association of these species in one convergent group is 
represented ina diagrammatic way in Table V. (p. 269) : the species 
other than Lycidee which I consider to be distasteful are indicated 
by an asterisk, but it is not improbable that others may hereafter 
be proved to be Miillerian rather than Batesian mimics. 
[The prevalent types of Lycid coloration are very simple, 
being uniform red or ochreous or one of these colours combined 
with black. The same patterns have an immense range corre- 
sponding with the wide distribution of the family over the 
warmer parts of the world. Hence this beautiful group of 
Bornean insects of many orders which adopt a colouring charac- 
teristic of the Lycide could no doubt be paralleled in many 
countries. Examples of Lycoid American moths belonging to 
distasteful groups are given in Journ. Linn. Soe. (Zool.) vol. xxvi. 
p. 969. Mr. G. A. K. Marshall has sent me a wonderful group 
belonging to this type, the ground-colour being ochreous, from 
Salisbury, Rhodesia. The central type is provided by seven 
species of Lycide, and it is resembled by a Telephorid, au 
Melyrid, two ‘Phytophaga, three Cantharide, three Longicorns, 
many species of Hymenoptera Aculeata, several Hemiptera, a fly 
( Yiphocer us),a Zygenid moth, and an Arctiid Moth. This group 
is briefly mentioned in the Report of the British Association 
(Section D), Bradford Meeting, 1900, p. 793.—E. B. P.] 
A second group may be formed out of Coccinellid-lke insects. 
All the well-known Coccinellide with red or yellow elytra spotted 
with black are the central figures of the group, with perhaps an 
excessively common Cassid, Prioptera octopuwnctata ; mimicking 
these are a Longicorn, Entelopes glauca (Pasc.), two species of 
Lema and a Cureulio, the remarkable new Locustid of a genus 
near Gammarotettix, a Pentatomid bug of the subfam. sean, 
biachia ducalis (Wlk.), and a spider with large red abdomen 
spotted with black. The association is indicated diagrammati- 
cally in Table VI. (p. 270); the mimics of Coccinellide, which 
are believed to be Miillerian, are indicated by asterisks. Nearly 
the whole of the species here mentioned are figured on Plate 
XXIII. figs. 30 to 36. The Lema figured (LZ. quadripunctata) is 
a less perfect mimic than Z. femorata. 
The little Dammar-bee Melipona vidua (Lep.), black with white- 
tipped wings, is an extremely common insect in Borneo, and, though 
stingless, is protected by its ferocious biting and _ social ‘habits?. 
1 A certain tree in the jungle near the Sarawak Museum was known to harbour a 
nest of this species; when the bees swarmed it was impossible to approach the 
tree without attracting a large number which settled on one’s hair and face and bit 
so fiercely that a hasty retreat had to be made. A tame monkey, secured by a 
chain and sliding ring to a bamboo pole which contained a nest of another species of 
Melipona, refused after two attempts to scale the pole when the bees were swarming 
round the mouth of the nest. 
(403 
Les 
