550 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
REMARKS ON THE PRECEDING PAPER. 
By Epwarp B. Poutrton, M.A., F.R.S. 
(Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford ; Hope Professor of Zoology in the University.) 
My friend Mr. Marshall has asked me to make any alterations or 
corrections in his paper. I find, however, that I so entirely agree with 
the whole of the argument that I have merely added a few confirma- 
tory notes to certain passages in the paper, which are in each case 
marked by a number. 
1H. W. Bates, in his classical paper, also used the term mimicry 
in the wider sense employed by W. L. Distant. The majority of 
naturalists have since followed A. R. Wallace in keeping Protective 
and Aggressive Resemblance distinct from Mimicry—a course which 
appears to be convenient, inasmuch as the distinction in terms cor- 
responds to a real distinction in the modes of defence. In the former, 
an animal resembles an object which is of no interest to its enemy, 
and in so doing becomes concealed ; in the latter, an animal resembles 
an object which its enemy knows well and fears or dislikes, and in so 
doing becomes conspicuous. Other superficial resemblances—such as 
those produced by protective resemblances in common, warning colours 
in common (Millerian mimicry), and functions in common (analogical 
or adaptive resemblances of Darwin)—are excluded from mimicry as 
here defined. 
* See the discussion on ‘* Organic Selection,’ reported in ‘ Science,’ 
N.S. vol. vi. No. 146, Oct. 15, 1897, where this view was sustained. 
8 Probably most evolutionists would hesitate before committing 
themselves to such a conclusion. Highly intelligent animals, such as 
birds, crouch and hide when very young at every unusual sound. This 
action is performed instinctively and unintelligently, and is apparently 
an automatic response to stimulus. When the stimulus has been 
repeated, and no danger is apparent, the young birds cease to crouch. 
We are not justified in considering that their intelligence has done 
more than enable them to inhibit an unnecessary response. There is 
no reason to think that they have any understanding of the meaning 
of the response itself. See Lloyd Morgan's ‘Habit and Instinct’ 
(London, 1896). 
Tt should be remembered that the structure and colouring are 
themselves made up of many complex factors, all of which must 
co-operate if the mimetic or protective resemblance is to be effective. 
See Linnean Soc. Journ., Zool., vol. xxvi. pp. 576-578. 
