(ai) 
of the natural size taken by Mr. Robinson in the Oxford 
University Museum. 
‘* The specimen which is now exhibited affixed to a piece of 
stick in precisely the same manner in which it hung from 
the rail, shows that the two anterior wings are held so far 
forward that a deep wedge-shaped notch appears between them 
and the hind-wings. On each side of this notch the well- 
known ragged outline of the wings is extremely distinct. 
The two posterior pairs of legs by which the butterfly clings 
to the supporting surface are light-brown in colour and 
unexpectedly conspicuous. The antenne are concealed, and 
the contour of the head does not break that of the costal 
margin of the anterior wings so as to interfere in any way 
with the general effect. The whole appearance is consistent 
with a single interpretation—concealment effected by resem- 
blance to a weather-beaten fragment of dead leaf, deeply 
notched and ragged, and hanging by two denuded fibro-vascular 
‘veins’ standing out far beyond one of the edges. The kind 
of injury suggested by the ‘comma’ only adds another 
convincing detail to a perfectly harmonious cryptic effect. 
“Tt is interesting to compare this mode of concealment with 
that which is far commoner in Nymphaline genera (Aallima, 
Doleschallia, Anxa, Precis, etc.), viz. the resemblance not to a 
fragment but an entire dead leaf, with midrib and suggestion of 
lateral oblique venation. In this latter form of disguise, holes 
are frequently suggested in the apparent leaf, either by opaque 
‘body-colour’ as in Doleschallia, by transparent windows as 
in Aallima, or by actual discontinuity, as is probably the case in 
certain species of Anza in which the deeply-cut bay in the inner 
margin of the fore-wing may be converted into the likeness 
of a hole by closure along its open side by the costal margin 
of the hind-wing, in the manner indicated in one of the 
specimens exhibited. In certain parts of the under surface of 
Kallima a hole is suggested by ‘body-colour,’ in other parts 
by transparency, and the latter is undoubtedly the more recent 
and more highly-specialized method ; for when the transparent 
window is examined under the microscope scattered opaque 
white scales can still be seen in abundance over its surface, 
not thickly placed so as to prevent the passage of light, but 
