ETHNOGRAPHICAL COLLECTION FROM KILIMA-NJARO. 385 



ropeau visitors give liiiu the same good character, a iiUKst unusual one 

 among Africans. To the west of Marang is Kih'mmii, wliose chief, 

 Fumba, is remarkable for bis begging habits, extraordinary even for a 

 negro sultan, and which render him an extremely unpleasant host. 

 Passing the unimportant State of Kirua we come to Moshi, whose sul- 

 tan, Mandara, has made himself quite famous throughout east Africa, 

 and has even sent ambassadors to the Emperor of Germany. He is very 

 energetic, and is the head of the confederacy against Cena, chief of 

 Kibosho, who is his great enemy. Mandara Avas given a very bad 

 name by former travelers, and he robbed one of them (Mr, Xew), who 

 came here in 1874, of everything he possessed. However, he may 

 have changed since, as he has seen many Europeans; for althougli I 

 have lived in Moshi six months, scarcely any trouble or annoyance 

 has ever been offered to me. 



Mandara has had more intercourse with strangers than any other 

 chief, and has accumulated European curiosities of every imaginable 

 description — toy steam-engines, clocks, guns of many patterns, stereo- 

 scopes, sewing machines, cavalry helmets, and books, uniforms, and in- 

 deed one can scarcely tell what he has not got. These valuables he 

 keeps stored away, bringing them out occasionally for his own amuse- 

 ment or to exhibit to the envious eyes of visiting chiefs. The next 

 state west of Moshi, Mpokomo, has recently been annexed by force by 

 Mandara. Beyond this is the state of Urn, whose sultan, Selikia, is 

 remarkable for extreme dullness and stupidity. There are two other 

 states called Uru, one of which was long since depopulated, and the 

 other has been overrun by Cena, and its ])opulation swci)t away or dis- 

 persed. Kibosho is next in order, lying a little higher up the mountain. 

 Cena, its sultan, is the most powerful chief on Kilima-Njaro, and seems 

 able to hold his own, although all the other states are allied against 

 him. He is very friendly towards Europeans, and is very liberal in his 

 presents of cattle, etc., to these favored visitors, of whom, however, he 

 has seen but few. He has constructed a large series of underground 

 passages or galleries beneath his boma or stockade. The huts are 

 arranged in a circle, aiul a sloping shaft leads down from the floor of 

 each hut. From this main gallery another runs off to oi)en out u[)on a 

 hillside several hundred yards distant. By means of this arrangement 

 his wives and cattle would be able to escape in case of a surprise or 

 sudden attack. Two hundred warriors keep nightly guard around his 

 house. 



The next important place is Machamc, the most i>opulous state in 

 Chaga. The people are i)oor and ill governed, the sultan, Ngamine, be- 

 ing a "poor stick." They are much harried by Cena's warriors, who 

 frequently attack them for slaves. 



The most western of the Chaga states is Kibouoto, situated upon the 

 long southwestern buttress of Kilin\a-Njaro. There are a number of 

 other small i)laces, i. e., Kombo, Naruma, Mkinda, 81iura, etc., having 

 only a few hundred inhabitants apiece. 

 SM yj , PT 2 25 



