396 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1891. 



arrows. (Fig. 10). The lion and rliinoceros, tlie latter very common in 

 tlie i^lains, do not ascend the mountain. The buffalo and tlie eland go 

 up to the central ridge. Leopards and hyenas wander about the culti- 

 vated zone at niglit. A Idack variety of the serval cat seems to be pecu- 

 liar to tlie mountain. A variety of duiker and a dwarf antelope {Nano- 

 tragus) dwell at high elevations. I shot a strange dark-colored antelope, 

 of a new species, in the forests at 10,000 feet. Tlie beautiful black and 

 white colobus monkey inhabits the forest zone, and troops of baboons do 

 great damage to the plantations. The strange little cony {Hyrax hrucei) 

 is very abundant in the elevated forests, and furnishes very fine soft 

 skins for the native's cloaks. Several beautiful sun birds are peculiar 

 to the mountain, one of which {Rectarinia Johnston i) does not descend 

 below 9,000 feet, and is found at the snow line. There is a beautiful 

 turacou and an unusual variety of feathered inhabitants. Many of the 

 butterflies are peculiar. Last November vast clouds of locusts passed 

 over, but few of them alighted and no damage was done. The Wa 

 Chaga ascribe their imnuinity in this particular to having caught a 

 number and given them (hnver (medicine) and let them go again, to tell 

 the news of their illtreatinent to the other locusts. 



The forests are of great extent, but there is very little useful timber. 

 Some splendid wood exists in the neighboring plain, in Taveta, Kahe, 

 and along some of the rivers, but the quantity is not great. In the 

 forest zone the timber is rather stunted. Fan palms and tree ferns are 

 plentiful, the last reaching to 8,000 feet. The giant heather composes 

 most of the higher forests, together with the curious iSenecio Johnstoni, 

 with its soft pith-lilled trunk and head of broad leaves; it grows in 

 gullies and sheltered places up to 14,500 feet. The plants of the tem- 

 perate regions reminded one of northern Europe — heather and straw 

 flowers, old man (southern wood), bracken, maiden-hair and polypodys, 

 and furze, or something that resembles it. 



Kilima-Njaro is in (Jerman territory, nominally, at least, the line di- 

 viding it from the British concession lying just to the northward. It 

 would be a decided surprise to these dusky i-ulers to know that they 

 are German subjects, and no longer independent, and considerable x>er- 

 suasiou by force of arms would be necessary to prove the fact to their 

 satisfaction. For the consideration of a small i)resent, one can hoist 

 any flag he pleases without the least objection. Here in Moshi, four 

 years since, Gen Matthews hoisted the red flag of Zanzibar. A year 

 later, Consul Holm wood arrived and raised the British ensign. Finally, 

 two years since, the Usagara Company put in an appearance and run 

 up the German flag. Each successive party gave Mandara a good 

 present and got him to agree to the foreign sovereignty, as they sup- 

 posed. Mandara would keep the flag flying as long as his visitors re- 

 mained, and then pull it down and give it to his wives to wear as an 

 attractive garment. 



For a white man who does not come to Africa to seek a living, and 



