516 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1891. 



bii. No one peiiiiitte<l to go inside. No fisliing or shooting allowed.'' 

 The absurdity of this offifiial declaration of the size is obvious when we 

 consider that it is the same as stating the distance around an irregular 

 mound to tenths of an inch. The figures would be about li^l't feet and 

 0.0 of an inch. The Emperor Keitai is reputed to have lived in the 

 sixth century. He was one of the last Emperors known to have been 

 buried in a double mound. 



Near Nara there are two mounds known as Onabe and Konabe. The 

 former was quite carefully measured by Mr. Gowland and myself. The 

 length north and south was found to be 485 feet along the top, the 

 length at the base l>eing considerably more. The top of the southern 

 end is 78 feet wide. The northern or burial end rises 20 feet above the 

 depressi(m in the top. 



The other mound, Konabe (PI. xxxix), is here shown as seen from 

 Onabe. Here again is shown the straight southern end and a portion 

 of the moat. This mound is in pretty good preservation, and the con- 

 tour line of the top does not descend much below the height of the 

 southern end. 



A distant view of the mound of OJin Tenno, in Kawachi, shows well 

 the original shape of the double mounds. The depression between the 

 two ends is very slight, the northern end being somewhat higher than 

 the southern, the contour line between them descending gently from the 

 former and rising a very little to the latter. A nearer view of the same 

 mound (PI. XL) shows the depression exaggerated, owing to an uutji- 

 vorable point of sight. But in this picture we have another conspicuous 

 feature of all the recognized imperial tombs, a plain wooden inclosure 

 with a gateway, painted white, situated on the outer border of the moat 

 opposite the middle of the south end of the mound. This jncture also 

 gives an idea of the great size of the mounds, by comparison with the 

 man in the field. 



The wooden gateway is again shown in PI. xli. It is always closed. 

 The design calls to mind the gateways at the Ise shrines, the ancient 

 form of torii not often seen elsewhere. 



Mr. E. Satow has described two mounds in Kodzuke, one of which is 

 shown in PI. xlii as represented in his drawing. In shape it is a double 

 mound, but it has a chamber with an entrance at the side and in this 

 respect it differs from all the mounds I have seen. This mound is 30 

 feet in height, 372 feet long, aud 284 wide. The chamber is entered 

 through a passage 33 feet in length. There are two chambers, sepa- 

 rated by a low sill of stone, the outer 24 feet in length, the inner Ofeet, 

 the height being about 6 feet. Mr. Satow concludes that these mounds 

 date from about 50 b. c, but this is very uncertain. 



In the year 040 the size of tombs which persons of different ranks 

 might build was specifically stated. "A prince might be buried in a 

 vault 9 feet long and 5 feet wide within, covered by a mound 72 feet 

 square and 40 feet high. A thousand laborers might be employed iu 



