PREHISTORIC NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. 555 



ristiiingai',)' and aiiionj^- other objects tliey exhibit, in single ontbne 

 more or less e(iuii)[)e(l ships, sharp at the ends, with stem and stern 

 carved and hiyh. They o(^ciii' along the coast from Trondhjem south- 

 ward and around to and including Grotlaud. A few have been found 

 in Denmark and upon the shores of Lake Ladoga in Russia. 



With regard to their antiquity a variety of oi)inious prevail. Bru- 

 nius^ assigns tlieui to the stone age and perhaps to the begiuuing of 

 the bronze age; he thinks that they have been produced by rubbing or 

 hammering, but tliat in either case they show the aid of stone utensils. 

 Bruzelius,' Holmboe,^ and Montelius^ place them in the bronze age 

 (about 1500 to 500 B. c.),''' and a similar opinion is entertained by Nico- 



' Aherg, Dr. L.: Hiinristuiugar uti Bohusliiii, 1839. Anualer for Norcliske Okl- 

 kyndigbed, Kopeuliageu, 183, p. 386; 1839, pi. x; 18'12-'43, p. 348. Archiv f. Au- 

 tbropologie, X, p. 86. /Ja/Z-rer, i.; Bohuwliius Hiinristuiugar, 1881. Brunuis: Forsiik 

 till F'trklariuger tifver Hellristniuger, Lnud, 1868. Jlruzelius: Om Hiillristniugar i 

 Jiirrestads Hiirad i Skaiie (I Aut. Tidsk. f. Sverige, vi). Bulletin liistor. philol. de 

 I'Aead. des Sci. de St.-P6tersboiirg, xii, No. 7, 8. Dn VhuiUu: Vikiug Age, i, p. 116. 

 Ilolmberf/, A. E.: Boliiisliin.s Historic ock Beskrifuiug, Udervalln, 1842, p. l.j, 19, pi. 

 i, ii. Holmheri/yA. IJ.: Scaudiuavieus Hiillristniugar, Stockholm, 1846. Holmhoc: 

 < )ni Hellcristuinger (I Christ. Videusk. Selsk. Forh., 1861). Fcrtjiisou: Rude Stone 

 Mouniueuts, fig. 106, p. 303. Grewlngk, ('. : Ueber die in Grauit geritzten Bilder- 

 griippeu am Onegasee. (irewlngl-, C. : Verb. d. estnisehen Ges. zu Dorpat, vii, Heft 

 1, p. 25. Kemhlc : Horae ferales, p. 228. Moiitfliun 0. : Bohusliius Hiillristiiingar, 

 Stockholm. Montelius, O. : The Civilization of Sweden in Heathen Times (Trausl. 

 by F. H. Woods, Fondon, 1888). MonleVuis, O. : Bohusliiuske Fornsaker, Stockholm, 

 1874, p. 24-27. Xihson, S. : Die Ureinwohner des Skaudiuavischen Nordens. Nico- 

 Jagseii, X. : Lang.skibet fra Gokstad, Kristiania, 1882, p. 9. Petersen, Dr. Henry: Om 

 Helleristninger i Danmark (Aarb. nord. Oldkynd, 1875, p. 42). Petersen, Dr. Henry: 

 Notice sur les pierre.s scnlptecs du Dauemark (Trausl. by Abb^ L. Morillet iu Mom. 

 de la Soc. R. d. Antiq. du Nord, Copenhagen, 1877, p. 330-342). Petersen, L. : Mere 

 om Helleristninger Aed Allinge (Meddelse til Bornholm Tid., 30 Sep. 1884). Ran C: 

 Cnp-sliaped and other lapidarian sculptures (iu Contributions to North American 

 f^thnology, vol. v, U. S. Department of the Interior), Washington, liygli, 0. : Om 

 Helleristninger i Norge (Vidensk. Selsk. Krist. Forh., 1873, p. 4.5.5-470). Schwede: 

 Nachr. Iswestija d. Geogr. Ges. St. Petersburg, 1850, p. 68. Simpson : Archaic 

 Sculptures, p. 72. Stevens, Geo. : Runic Monuments, vol. i, p. 74. Vedel, E. : Born- 

 holms Oldtidsmiuder og Oldsager, Kjob., 1886. Worsaw, J. J. A. : Nordiske Oldsager 

 i det K. Museum, Kjobenhavn. Worsace, J. J. A. : The primeval anti(|uities of Den- 

 mark (trausl. by W. J. Thomas), London, 1849. Worsaw, J. ,T. A. : The Industrial 

 Arts of Denmark, 1882, p. 113. Worsacv, J. J. A. : Zur Vorge.schichte des Nordi-ns 

 (German trausl. by ,J. Mestorf, 1887, p. 67). ITorsaa', J. J. A. : Zur Alterthumsknude 

 des Nordens. 



- Brunhis: Forsok till Forklaringer ofver Hellristniuger, Lund, 1868. 



^ BrnzeWus : Om Hiillristniugar i .Tiirrestads Hiirad i Skiine (I, Aut. Tids. f. Sverige, 

 vi). 



* Holmhoe: Om Helleristninger (I, Christ. Vidensk. Selsk. Forh., 1861.) 



■' Monteliuii, 0.: The Civilization of Sweden in Heathen Times, Loudon, 1888. 



"NUsson, S.: Skandinaviske Nordens Urinviinarue, 1838-1843. Nilsson, S.: The 

 Primitive Inhabitants of Scandinavia, 1868. Montelius, 0.: The Civilization of 

 Sweden in Heathen Times, London, 1888, p. 70. Compte Rendu dn Cong. Archi^olog, 

 de Stockholm, ii, 450. MonicUus, 0.: Om tidsbestiimminginom bronsalderu nal sar- 

 skildt af seende pa Skaudinavia, Stockholm, 1885, accei)t the bronze age as having 

 occupied the period of from 1500 to 500 B. C. 



