PREHISTORIC NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. 559 



where they represent the early iron ageJ They occur in Denmark, 

 ni)on Bornhohn.^ About twenty-four such i)Osition8 arc known, while 

 in Jutland'* only two have existed, of which one (at Hnjstru]), iu Yester 

 Van Herrel) is said to have beenhuilt upon graves from the earlier iron 

 age. In Germany only two boat-shaped graves have been discovered, 

 at Stralsund^ and Koslin,'' 



In the Baltic provinces of liussia forty-two boat-shaped graves have 

 been found and mostly examined: of these seven occur in Oourland,'^ 

 all being located in the diocese of Erwahlen, and with one exception 

 they occur in iiairs, situated behind each other. The outlines of long, 

 narrow, and pointed vessels are represented by a single row of stones. 



(IM. LXXIIl). 



The stem and stern posts are shown by large bowlders, thus indi- 

 cating for these j^arts a considei-able elevation above the bulwark of 

 the boats; depressions in the board-stones indicate the rowlocks. 

 The general direction of these ships is an easterly one, their dimen- 

 sions: :n by 8, 27 by l.">, 2 > by 10, 31 by 10, 50.9 by 14, 49 by 10, 47.10 

 bv 10 feet. 



' In the Liingersas (Goteland) ship runic stones of the later iron age occur. The 

 slvepi:)sform of Lille Lundley, Soilennanlaud, terminates at one end in a Banta 

 stone, upon which are the followiiii;' words iu runes: '• Sptite and Hal/dan raised 

 fliis stone after Skarde, tlielr hrothcr." The ship I'orni at Raftotaugen, Blekingeu, 

 contained articles belougiug to the later iron age. 



"T'edel, E.: Bornholms Oldtidsminder og Oldsager, pp. 25-27. Petersen, L. : Manu- 

 script letter of July 7, 1887. 



^ Major John Daniel, Spazierreise von Kiel aus nachNorden 1693 (mss.). Anikici: 

 Ciuibrisclie Hevdenbekehrung, Hamburg, 1702, p. 340. Christiani: Geschichte von 

 .Sclile.swig Holstein, I. p. 328. TlrieJe: Danniarks Folkesagen, i, pp. 31-32. ^BTifj-, Pas- 

 tor: Handschriftl. Gemeinr. ' Annalen v. Osterlyguni, 1812. HandeJmann, H.: 28 

 Bericht der Schleswig Holstein Laueuburg' sclien Gesellschaft fiir die Sammlung 

 und Erhaltung vaterliindischer Alterthiimer, Kiel 1868, p. 31. Antiq. Aunaler iv, 

 p. 297. Aarbiiger f. Oldkynd, 1881, p. 155. Vedel, E.: Bornholms Oldtidsminder og 

 Oldsager, p. 27. 



* drewinrjlx', ('.: Erliiuterungen z. Archacol. Karte, etc. In Verhandl. d., golehrten 

 Est. Ges., Dorpat, 1884; Bd., xii, p. 106. ITarjeuow : Baltische Studien d. Ges. f. 

 ponnn. Gesch., XV, 2, p. 49. GrcwiiH/k, C: Z. Arch. d. Bait. (Arcli. f. Anth. x). 



■' Grcwi7t(/k. C: Erliintorungeu z. Arch. Karte, p. 106. 



'^Diirinr/, J.: Pie Teuielsboote von Kurhmd in Sitzuugsber d. Ges. f. Literal, und 

 Kunst, 1860-1863. Mitau, 1864, p. 154. Hagonow: In Baltische Studien d. Ges. f. 

 poMun. Geschichte, XV, 2, p. 49. Gretvingk, C: Das Steinalter der Ostseeprovinzen, 

 Dorpat, 1865, p. 45. Berg : Notiz im Coresp. Blatt d. Naturf. Ges. z. Riga, xx, 1872, 

 No. 7. Sievcrs, Graf C: Verb. d. Berliner Ges. f. Anth. Oct. 1875. Sievers, Graf C: 

 Verb. d. E.stnischen gel. Ges., Dorpat, 1876, viii. Heft 3. Grewiugk, C. : Zur Archaeol. 

 d. Balticums. (Arch. f. Anth., x). linrcTiardt : Baltische Monatsschrift, xxiA^, Riga 

 1875. Sitznngsl)erichte d. Estnischen gelehrten Gesellschaft, May, Nov., Dec, 1876. 

 Grrn'intjk, C: Die Steinschift'o von Musching und die Wella Laiwe oder Tcnfelsboote 

 Kiirland's iiberhaupt. Dorpat, 1878. Grcwingk, (',: Erliiuterungen z. archaeol. 

 Karte des Stein, Bronze, and Eisen-alters in Liv-Est und Kurland. Dorpat, 1884 

 (Vcrh. d. Gel. Est. Ges. Dorpat. Bd., xii). G-reivingk, ('.: Die Neolithischen Be- 

 wohner von Kunda in Estland (Verb. d. gel. Est. Ges. Bd., xii). Grewiugk, C: Ost. 

 bnltisclie, dem heidnischen Todtcncultus dienende, schillormige und anders gestaltete 

 Steinsetzungen. Dorpat, 1887. 



