562 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1891. 



laid perfectly straight, Avitli fourteen cross rows or benches, between 

 most of AA'hich the calcined fragments of human bones, especially of 

 skulls, mixed with ashes, cinders, and boiu'S, were found imbedded in 

 black soil; pottery was found in some of them. One hundred and 

 twenty-nine articles Avere found in the \arious portions of the structure, 

 consisting of fibulfe, bracelets of bronze, rings, spirals, knife blades 



Fis. 49. 

 Slaweek Ship, Estonia, Russia. 



(Ciiiiieil froni Or.ttf. Shavers. " Archiiologisclia Untersiichunsen " in \'eili. KhI. j,"-! 'iesellarli. ) 



of iron, ornaments of bronze, and gikled l)eads of glass, amber, and 

 metal, etc. Some of the intervals show distinct traces of cremation, and 

 exhibit thick layers of ashes and cinders; the calcined remains, however, 

 were not left at these places, but were deposited in other intervals. 



The hoat-shapcd cinerarium at TUrscl, in Estonia^^ recently explored, 

 from its arrangement and tymbological contents, might serve as a fair 

 repieseutative of the numerous Livonian and Estonian cineraria Avith- 

 out urn burial. While differing from most of them in point of material 

 employed, consisting in calcareous slate plates against erratic bowlders, 

 this difference is a mere local one, and results from the absence of the 

 latter and occurrence of the former in the vicinity. Judging from its 

 dimensions and (X)mi>aratively small number of (-alcined human re- 

 mains found, the ship appears to have served as burial place of a 

 small family, which, however, distinguished itself by the wealth and 

 beauty of articles and ornaments offered to the dead. 



This cinerarium has been made the subject of a thorough study by 

 the late Prof. G. Grewingk, of Doipat, from whose rei)ort'' 1 have bor- 

 rowed the accomi)anying illustrations and notes: 



'' Fibula (Fig. 50) of Eoman, or provincial Roman form is of frequent oc- 

 currence in the Balticum. It was found in the l)oat-shai)ed graves at 

 Unnipicht and Langensee in North Livonia,' near the Strante Lake in 

 southern Livonia, together with Eoman coins from the years 09 to 

 79, and 161 to 180 A. D.,"* in the stone ships of Ahschekippe and Sla- 



' lf'ih;koivatoir, P. : Boricht iiber die Aiifdeckuug <^iuer sohifiormigon Steinsetzung 

 bei Tiirsd, in l^stlaiul. In Vcrliandlnugeu der gelehrten E.stuiscben Gesellscbaft 

 zu Dorpat, 1888. Band xiii. 



"Grewingk, C: Der scliitformige Ascbculiiedhof bei Tiirsc! in Estlaud. In W'T- 

 handlungen dei" jielebrten Estniscben Gesellscbaft. Band xiii, 1888. 



^Arcbiv fiir Anibrop. x, ji. 95. Tf. ii, fig. 11. and 12 AsjjeHii : Antiiiiiites du Nord 

 Finno-Oiigrien. HeLsingfors 1877-1884. fig. 1760 



■•Jsjje/i/*.- Antifi, fig. 1788. 



