594 



REPORT OF NATIONATv MUSEUM, 1891. 



erally oriiameiitcd with the gihled hcnd of some fabah)us animal. Or- 

 namentations are mentioned in many of tlie Sagas.' 



The aceom]);myiiig lignres^ show a number of earvings exhibited 

 upon objects from funeral ships. Fig. 107 is a tiller, Fig. 108 ])art of a. 



Fig. 107. 

 Carved Tiller. 



N. Ni.-uluTseii, "I.;i.isski|jet frii (i.ikst::,!.-; 



wooden dish, Fig. 109 the top part of an oar, Fig. 110 wooden fragment 

 of uncertain use. Fig. Ill the carved heads on the end of the verge 

 board from the vessel's tent. 



Of rudders cmly one form is known from the Sagas. It was placed on 

 tlie right side of the ship, which, conse(i[uently, bore the name stjwn- 

 board, while the opposite side, back of the lielnisman, was called 

 Itakboiird. In the re;ir of the helmsnnin and standing across was an 

 upright wooden bulkhead. 



Fig. lOS. 

 Carved Dish. 



Fig. 109. 

 Carved Oar Handle. 



iisskili.-t IVa (iokstaJ.") 



The rudder, slightly nnmnted with iron, ccmsisted of a broad oar,^ 

 the lower part of which was fastened to the side of the shi]) l)y means 

 of a bast rope, while the round neck ran in a hollow cylinder. A square 

 hole in the head admitted the tiller, which was generally taken in charge 

 by the commander of the ship, whose positi(m was a little below the rud- 

 der head, so as to secure some prote(;tion from the enemy's missiles.'' 



'St. Olaf Saga, cc. xlv, cliv ; Olaf Trygvasou Saga, c. Ixxxv; Magnus the Good's 

 Saga, c. XX ; SigimT Jorsalafari Saga, c. xiv; Foniinaua Saga, vii, 98; Recenil de 

 cbroniques de Flandre, 1837-1841, vol. i; Schiorn, Nyere hi-storiske Stiidier, i, 1875. 



-Copied from N. Nicolaysen: Langskiljet fni (Jokslad, PI. vii, Fig. 7; PI. ix, Figs. 

 2, lOa^ PL X, Fig. 20; PI. xi, Figs. 1, 1. 



■' Errgi'iis P>yl()v, IX, 18. 



'Magnus I5arefoot Saga, c ii; llaiald Jlardiadi Saga, c xxxii; Olaf Trygvasou 

 Saga, «'. Ixxxvii, 



