PREHISTORIC NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. 601 



and they serve as proof of an early conimnuication with foreigii lands 

 and peo])le. 



It may be here stated that the four-cornered shield with "(xruben- 

 schmelz" occurs upon fibula^ from the boat-shaped cineraria at Neu 

 Camby and La n gen see, in the Slaweck ship, and u}>on silvered libultB 

 from the Wella Kai)pene (devil's grave) and Wella Krawand (devil's 

 stone heap) near Lake Strante, in Baltic Russia. They are figured by 

 Aspelin in Anticj. tig. 177G, 1778, 1784, 1785, and belong to the first 

 five centuries of the Cluistian era. 



A modified form of these ship burials, in which cremation of the dead 

 alone took place, after which the ashes and bones were collected, 

 placed in a suitable vessel and deposited with other articles in the ship, 

 over which then a mound was raised, is illustrated in 



The Borre SMp.^ — On the road from Horten to Jarlesberg and about 

 one-half a mile from Borre- Prestegaard, Norway, is seen to the right 

 the southeru end of Borre Lake, whose banks are so flat at this place 

 that their rise is almost imperceptible. On the ridge toward the north 

 and northeast from the lake lies Horten Gaardene, and on the left side, 

 toward the lake, upon a level, almost barren slope, are about twenty- 

 four mounds of various sizes. There has long- been a. tradition that the 

 Kings lilystein and Halfdan lie buried in two of the most northerly 

 mounds. 



Upon excavating one of the mounds and removing- a quantity of 

 sand the workmen, early in 1852, struck some rivets and nails, which 

 led to the belief that it was a ship mound. Several articles were de- 

 stroyed by the eagerness of the workmen, and the work was temporarily 

 suspended during the winter. The results of the excavation were a 

 lump of bent iron, 2 to 4 feet long and 2 feet broad, much eaten by 

 rust, and of unknown use; next, fragments of an ash kettle of riveted 

 iron i)lates, and of quite common form, with two ears as handles; a 

 quantity of rivets, often with adherent wood fragments of ship's jilanks 

 and some even with appended oakum ; bones of three horses and one 

 dog, and finally a twisted iron chain witli the pieces belonging- to it; 

 fragments of a black glass jug with white enameled strips; an iron ax 

 of the oldest type; two bits of iron; fragments of three stirrups, and a 

 pair entire, all of iron, the one covered with thin silver plates and of 

 very ancient form, the other more like those now in use; several frag- 

 ments of saddles ; part of a leather bridle with bits, head gear covered 

 with.ornamented plates, and with knobs on the end of the straps, spans, 

 and a small bell. These things were lying somewhat aft of the ship's 

 center, and in such a position that one horse with saddle and bridle 

 (in whose vicinity the ash bucket and glass jug were found) was close 



' X. yicolai/scu: Oiu Borrefimdet, i, 1852. lu Foieniugen til Norske Fortidsiuiu- 

 desuuierkers Bevaring Aarsberetning for 1852, ji. 25. The description given has b(!en 

 utilized in the above acconnt. Annalei" for Nordiske Oldkyudighed og Historie, 

 1«58, p. 18G. 



